Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa maselo a dzuwa, monga mphamvu yakuda, mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo, ndi mphamvu yotuluka. Mphamvu yamagetsi imeneyi imakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma module a dzuwa mosiyanasiyana. Kusiyanitsa makhalidwe a mphamvu yamagetsi awa kungathandize kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yolakwika, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mavutowa mokwanira.
Mdima Wamphamvu
Tanthauzo
Mphamvu yakuda, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu ya reverse saturation popanda kuunikira, imatanthauza mphamvu ya reverse DC yomwe imapangidwa mu PN junction pansi pa reverse bias pamene palibe kuwala kochitika. Nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa chonyamulira kapena zolakwika pamwamba ndi mkati mwa chipangizocho, komanso zonyansa zovulaza.
Mapangidwe
(1).Njira Yofalitsira:Mkati mwa malo olumikizirana a PN, pali ma elekitironi ambiri m'chigawo cha N ndi mabowo ambiri m'chigawo cha P. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi, ma elekitironi m'chigawo cha N amafalikira kupita kuchigawo cha P, ndipo mabowo m'chigawo cha P amafalikira kupita kuchigawo cha N. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomangidwa mkati mwa malo olumikizirana a PN imakana kufalikira kumeneku, imachitikabe mpaka mphamvu yamagetsi itapezeka, ndikupanga mphamvu yamagetsi.
(2).Zofooka ndi Zodetsa:Ngati pali zolakwika pamwamba kapena mkati mwa chipangizocho, zimagwira ntchito ngati malo olumikizirana, kugwira ma elekitironi ndi mabowo ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsansona. Zonyansa zovulaza zimagwiranso ntchito yofanana, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mphamvu yakuda.
Zotsatira
Nthawi zambiri mdima umaganiziridwa panthawi yosankha ma wafer a silicon. Mdima wochuluka umasonyeza kuti ma wafer ndi otsika, monga momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba, zolakwika zambiri za lattice, zinyalala zoopsa, kapena kuchuluka kwa doping kwambiri. Maselo a dzuwa opangidwa kuchokera ku ma wafer otere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yochepa.
Mdima Wamdima mu Maselo a Dzuwa
Mu ma diode osavuta, mphamvu yakuda imafanana ndi mphamvu ya saturation yobwerera m'mbuyo. Komabe, mu maselo a dzuwa, mphamvu yakuda imaphatikizapo mphamvu ya saturation yobwerera m'mbuyo, mphamvu ya leakage yocheperako, ndi mphamvu ya leakage yochuluka.
Kusinthasintha Kokwanira Kwamakono
Tanthauzo
Mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu imatanthauza mphamvu yomwe ili mu mgwirizano wa PN pamene reverse bias ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu imakulitsa gawo lochepa, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma elekitironi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti onyamula ambiri adutse chotchinga, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yofalikira kufika pa zero.
Mapangidwe
1. Mphamvu Yoyendetsa: Mphamvu yamagetsi yowonjezereka imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti zonyamulira zamagetsi zazing'ono m'madera a N ndi P zisunthe mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo ikhale yofanana.
2. Kudalira Kutentha: Popeza zonyamulira zazing'ono zimapangidwa ndi kutentha, chiwerengero chawo chimakhala chokhazikika pa kutentha kwina, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yobwerera m'mbuyo ndi yofanana.
Kutayikira kwamakono
Tanthauzo
Maselo a dzuwa akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: gawo lochepa (N-region), gawo lochepa (PN junction), ndi gawo lalikulu (P-region). Zofooka ndi zonyansa m'magawo awa zimagwira ntchito ngati malo obwezeretsanso, kugwira ma elekitironi ndi mabowo kuti zithandize kubwezeretsa. Njirayi imapanga mafunde ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi amdima ayezedwe.
Mitundu
· Kutuluka kwa madzi m'malo opyapyala: Kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika ndi zodetsa zomwe zili mu malo opyapyala.
· Kutuluka kwa madzi ambiri: Kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika ndi zinyalala m'dera lalikulu.
Cholinga cha Kuyesa Mphepo Yamdima
1. Kuletsa Kuwonongeka kwa Ntchito
Selo likamasinthasintha kapena polarity ya module ikasinthidwa, mdima wambiri ungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maselo mwachangu. Ngakhale kuti sikofala, kuyesa mdima kumathandiza kupewa zoterezi.
2. Kuyang'anira Njira Zopangira
Kuyesa kwa magetsi amdima kumathandiza kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Madzi amdima amapangidwa ndi magetsi ozungulira, magetsi otayirira, ndi magetsi otayirira, omwe akuimiridwa ndi J1J_1J1, J2J_2J2, ndi J3J_3J3, motsatana.
Pamene magetsi osinthira akugwiritsidwa ntchito:
· Chigawo 1: Cholamulidwa ndi J2J_2J2 (mphamvu yothina yotulutsa madzi).
· Chigawo 2: Chimalamulidwa ndi J3J_3J3 (mphamvu yotulutsa madzi ambiri).
· Chigawo 3: Cholamulidwa ndi J1J_1J1 (reverse saturation current).
Malire a madera awa amatsimikiziridwa ndi ma voltages enieni oyesera.
Zotsatira za Voltage
Pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito pa selo, amachititsa kuti magetsi alowe mu silicon wafer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asamayende bwino. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakwera, magetsi ambiri amatuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi akuda achuluke. Komabe, kukula kwa magetsi kumachepa pamene magetsi akuwonjezeka mpaka selo litasweka.
Mayeso Okhazikika
Mphamvu yakuda nthawi zambiri imayesedwa pa 12V. Poyerekeza zotsatira za mayeso ndi ma curve wamba, mkhalidwe wa selo ukhoza kuyesedwa:
· Mphepo yakuda kwambiri m'chigawo 1 imasonyeza mavuto mu gawo lopyapyala.
· Mphepo yamdima yambiri m'chigawo chachiwiri imasonyeza mavuto m'chigawo chachikulu.
· Mphepo yakuda kwambiri m'chigawo chachitatu imasonyeza mavuto ndi malo olumikizirana a PN, monga kufalikira, kusindikiza pazenera, kapena kusagwirizana kwa kutentha.
Mapeto
Kuyesa mphamvu yakuda ndikofunikira kwambiri pozindikira mavuto okhudzana ndi njira ndikuwongolera kupanga maselo a dzuwa.
