Kukula mwachangu kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso padziko lonse lapansi kukupanga msika wosungira mphamvu zambiri. Ma cell a dzuwa, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi mabatire a lithiamu ndi mafakitale atatu omwe akukula omwe akupititsa patsogolo kutumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi. "Atatu atsopano" awa mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi apanga kuthekera kwakukulu kwakukula kwa mafakitale osungira mphamvu ndi dzuwa. Kusunga mphamvu pakadali pano kukuwonetsa njira yodziwika bwino yokulira, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2024, kudzawonetsa zinthu zinayi zofunika zomwe zidzasintha kwambiri msika wamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
1. Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha msika wamagetsi m'dziko muno kumawonjezera phindu la ogulitsa magetsi komanso ndalama zomwe mapulojekiti amapereka.
Mu Seputembala 2023, National Energy Administration ndi National Development and Reform Commission of China adapereka malangizo oyamba a msika wamagetsi mdziko muno. Lamuloli likupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa msika wamagetsi ku China. Nkhaniyi ikupereka malangizo omveka bwino a momwe mphamvu zatsopano zingagwirire ntchito pamsika wamagetsi mwadongosolo komanso mokhazikika kuti apange njira yamsika yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe awo. Kuti pakhale bata komanso kupitiliza kwa mfundo, njira iyi iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mfundo yatsopano yotetezera mphamvu. Kuphatikiza pakukopa mabizinesi atsopano monga zosonkhanitsa katundu, malo osungira mphamvu, ndi malo opangira magetsi, malonda amagetsi amalimbitsa msika.
Mu Okutobala 2023, Bungwe la Mphamvu ndi NDRC adatulutsanso Circular on Further Accelerating Electricity Spot Market Construction. Mu chilengezochi, zofunikira pakupanga msika wamagetsi zidafotokozedwa bwino. Boma lakhala likukakamiza mfundo za msika wamagetsi kuyambira Seputembala 2023, kusonyeza kudzipereka kwake pakulimbikitsa kukula kwa msika. Madera ambiri ndi madera akuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyesera kuthetsa mavuto kwa nthawi yayitali pofika chaka cha 2024. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, madera ndi madera omwe akukula mofulumira kwambiri akuyembekezeka kusintha mwachindunji kupita ku ntchito yovomerezeka.
Shandong ndi Guangdong ndi omwe akutsogolera pamsika wa ntchito zothandizira komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zapakhomo pankhani yosungira mphamvu payokha. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa mapulojekiti opindulitsa osungira mphamvu zapakhomo kudzakwaniritsidwa mokwanira pofika chaka cha 2024, pamene maderawa akusonkhanitsa chidziwitso pantchitoyi. Izi ziwonjezera mpikisano ndi kukhwima kwa msika wamagetsi waku China pomwe zikukweza zachuma cha mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu. Mphamvu zamsika ndi mfundo zikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha msika wamagetsi wapakhomo, zomwe zikulimbikitsa kukula kwa makampani osungira mphamvu.
2. Kupindula ndi mtengo kumatsegula chitseko cha mpikisano, zomwe zikuwonetsa luso la unyolo wa makampani. Makampani amatha kupeza phindu kudzera mu kafukufuku wowonjezera wa zida zodzipangira komanso kupanga pamitengo yomwe ilipo.
Makampani ogulitsa ndi kutumiza mphamvu akukula kwambiri limodzi ndi kukula kwa misika yosungiramo mphamvu m'dziko muno ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Kudzipangira nokha ndi luso lopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndikofunikira kuti ogulitsa apange phindu pamtengo womwe ulipo. Kuti achepetse ndalama ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wazinthu, kuphunzira kwathunthu za stack yonse - kuyambira pakati pamagetsi mpaka PCS mpaka kuphatikiza makina - komanso kudziwa ukadaulo wamagetsi, zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi ukadaulo wa digito ndikofunikira. Zotsatira za kukula kwa gawo lalikulu zimachepetsa ndalama zonse mwachindunji komanso zopanda zinthu zakuthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, phindu lonse la bizinesi ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa ndalama zonse zomwe kampani imodzi imagwiritsa ntchito pophatikiza makina chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu zopangira makina komanso kuthekera kopanga makina ake a DC.
Zipangizo zofunika pa mapulogalamu osungira magetsi ndi kukonza magetsi, zomwe zimazindikira ndikuwunika momwe magetsi alili, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuchokera kwa ambiri opanga magetsi amakono. Kusiyanaku kumawonekera kudzera mukuwunika kuchuluka kwa kukonzedwa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuwunika momwe chinthu chimodzi chimagwirira ntchito ndikuzindikira mwachangu mawonekedwe a kutentha. Njira zopezera phindu zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito omwe amaneneratu mitengo yamagetsi zitha kukhala gawo lotsatira la mpikisano. Kenako, kusiyanitsa kwa zinthu kudzawonekera bwino, ndipo kuthekera koyendetsa unyolo wonse wopanga kudzera mu mphamvu yonse kungawonjezere kudalirika kwa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, makampani osungira magetsi ayenera kuwonjezera luso lawo laukadaulo ndikupanga zatsopano kuti akhalebe opikisana pamsika woopsa.
3. Kusunga mphamvu m'maiko ena ndi kopindulitsa ndipo kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pamsika; makampani osungira mphamvu m'dziko muno apitiliza kukula padziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu yambiri ya ndalama zomwe zimayang'ana pamsika, kuphatikizapo malonda a mphamvu zamagetsi, malamulo obwerezabwereza, nthawi yoyimirira, ndi zina, zimawonjezera kusiyana kwa mitengo ndi phindu lochulukirapo pamapulojekiti osungira mphamvu zakunja pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake, motero zimawonjezera phindu lazachuma. Ngakhale mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu zapakhomo akupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zothandizira ndi malonda apafupi, gawo lalikulu la ndalama zawo limapezedwa kudzera munjira zochedwetsa malonda monga kubwereketsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zomwe zingasankhidwe ndi mayiko akunja ndizokulirapo kuposa zapakhomo.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa makampani opanga magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, misika yosungira mphamvu kunja ikuyenda bwino. Chifukwa cha unyolo wopereka, zachilengedwe, komanso kuganizira za msika, makampani osungira mphamvu kunja amadalira misika yakunja pazinthu zopangira zinthu, zida ndi zigawo zake, zinthu za anode ndi cathode, mabatire, ndi zida zake. Makampani osungira mphamvu m'dziko muno akusamukira kunja kuti athetse mavutowa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko.
Pofuna kukulitsa makampaniwa, dziko la United States ndi maboma ena akulimbikitsa kusungidwa kwa mphamvu ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu. Pofuna kukulitsa unyolo wa mafakitale kudzera mu ndalama zambiri zaukadaulo, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, komanso kupanga ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu ndi ntchito zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zamtsogolo, North America ndi Europe akukhazikitsa unyolo wodziyimira pawokha wosungira mphamvu.
Makampani ambiri otchuka osungira mphamvu m'dziko muno amavomereza kufunika kwa nyanja, komwe kumathandizira kufalikira kwa dziko lonse kudzera mu kukulitsa kutumiza kunja, kumanga mafakitale akunja, ndi "kupititsa patsogolo" mphamvu zopangira zinthu zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Mbali za msika wosungira mphamvu zakunja monga momwe ndalama zimakhalira, anthu ogwira ntchito, kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe, kayendedwe ka zomangamanga ndi maukonde ogulitsa, chithandizo cha unyolo wamakampani, ndi mpweya woipa wa carbon zimafuna kuti makampani osungira mphamvu za m'dziko muno ayankhe kusintha kwa msika ndi kufunikira kwa makasitomala mosamala kwambiri kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika.
4. Kupititsa patsogolo mwachangu kuphatikiza kosungirako zinthu zazing'ono
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi malo osungira magetsi komwe kukufalikira ndi chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi makina amagetsi ogawa magetsi kumapereka mwayi waukulu wophatikiza makina ochapira ndi osungira magetsi. Mwa kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso kuchepetsa kudalira magwero amagetsi wamba, lingaliro lophatikizana ili limateteza chilengedwe.
Chachiwiri, madera ndi madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zogawa magetsi (PV) amafuna malo osungira magetsi (PV) omwe ali ndi gridi yolumikizidwa. Mwa kusintha mitengo yogawana nthawi, kupanga misika yothandizira magetsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira magetsi, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wosungira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic komanso mwayi wopezera phindu, madera awa akuyankha pempho la dziko la chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso. Pamene malowa akuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo, njira yopezera phindu yokhudzana ndi kuphatikiza kwa magetsi ndi malo osungira magetsi idzawonjezeka.
Apanso, kuphatikiza kwa malo osungiramo zinthu zamagetsi ku Europe ndi chitukuko chomwe chimapatsa makampani osungiramo zinthu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi chidziwitso ndi chilimbikitso. Kusintha kwa malo opangira magetsi kuchokera ku zinthu zosagwira ntchito kupita ku zinthu zogwira ntchito kudzasintha tsogolo la malowa. Kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chapamwamba, makampani otsogola pakusungiramo zinthu zamagetsi akulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chatsopano.
Tiyenera kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha "makiyi anayi" - photovoltaic, kusungira mphamvu, haidrojeni, mphamvu, ndi machitidwe ena amphamvu - kuti tikwaniritse tsogolo lopanda mpweya woipa wa carbon. Kuyesetsa kotereku ndiyo njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira mphamvu ndi chilengedwe chokhazikika ndikumanga tsogolo labwino.
