Ko te tere o te whānui haere o te kaha o te pūngao hou kua whakatinanahia i runga i te tauine o te ao kei te whakaputa i tētahi mākete rokiroki pūngao nui. Ko ngā pūtau rā, ngā waka hiko, me ngā pākahiko lithium ngā ahumahi e toru e whanake ana e akiaki ana i ngā kaweake ki tāwāhi. Nā tēnei "tokotoru hou" i roto i te hokohoko o te ao kua whakaputa i te pūmanawa tipu kāore i kitea i mua mō ngā ahumahi rokiroki rā me te pūngao. Kei te whakaatuhia e te rokiroki pūngao tētahi ara tipu e kitea ana i tēnei wā, ā, e matapaetia ana i te tau 2024, ka whakaatuhia e ia te iti rawa e whā ngā au whakahirahira ka tino huri i te mākete pūngao o te ao.
1. Mā te whakateretere i te whanaketanga o te mākete wāhi ā-rohe ka pai ake te hua o ngā kaihoko rokiroki pūngao me te ōhanga o ngā kaupapa.
I te marama o Hepetema 2023, i whakaputa te Whakahaere Pūngao ā-Motu me te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu o Haina i ngā aratohu hokohoko mākete tūnga tuatahi mō te hiko. Mā tēnei ture ka whakatairanga i te whakahoutanga o te mākete hiko o Haina. Kei roto i te tuhinga he aratohu mārama mō te whai wāhi atu o te pūngao hou ki te mākete hiko i roto i te huarahi pūnaha me te pumau kia taea ai te whakawhanake i tētahi tikanga mākete e hāngai ana ki ō rātou āhuatanga. Hei pupuri i te pumau me te haere tonu o te kaupapa here, me whakauru tēnei tikanga ki te kaupapa here haumarutanga pūngao hou. Haunga te kukume i ngā pakihi hou pēnei i ngā kaiwhakaemi kawenga, te rokiroki pūngao, me ngā tipu hiko mariko, ka whakaoho te hokohoko hiko i te mākete.
I te marama o Oketopa 2023, i whakaputaina anō e te Tari Pūngao me te NDRC te Porowhita mō te Whakateretere Ake i te Hanganga Mākete Hiko Wāhi. I roto i tēnei panuitanga, i whakamāramahia ngā whakaritenga hanga mākete hiko wāhi. Kua whakatinanahia tonutia e te kāwanatanga ngā kaupapa here mākete hiko wāhi mai i te marama o Hepetema 2023, e whakaatu ana i tōna whakapau kaha ki te whakatairanga i te whānui o te mākete. Ko te nuinga o ngā kawanatanga me ngā rohe e matapaetia ana ka whakatinana i tētahi mahi whakamātautau whakataunga roa i te tau 2024. He mea nui, ko ngā kawanatanga me ngā rohe e tere whanake ana e matapaetia ana ka neke tika ki te mahi mana.
Ko Shandong me Guangdong ngā mātāmua i roto i ngā mākete mō ngā ratonga āwhina me te pūngao hiko ā-wāhi e pā ana ki te rokiroki pūngao motuhake. E matapaetia ana ka tino tutuki te whakatutukitanga o ngā kaupapa rokiroki pūngao ā-rohe whai hua i te tau 2024, i te mea ka kohia e ēnei rohe te wheako i roto i tēnei mara. Mā tēnei ka piki ake te whakataetae me te pakeketanga o te mākete hiko Haina, me te whakarei ake i te ōhanga o ngā kaupapa rokiroki pūngao. Kei te tere ake te whanaketanga o te mākete hiko ā-rohe nā ngā kaha mākete me ngā kaupapa here, e whakatairanga ana i te whānui o te umanga rokiroki pūngao.
2. Mā te painga utu ka huaki te tatau ki te whakataetae, e whakanui ana i te pūkenga o te mekameka ahumahi. Ka taea e ngā umanga te whakaputa hua mā te whakanui ake i te rangahau-ā-koe mō ngā taputapu me te hanga i te taumata utu o nāianei.
Kua tino tipu haere ngā hoko me ngā tukunga o ngā kamupene rokiroki pūngao i te taha o te whānui haere o ngā mākete rokiroki pūngao ā-rohe me te ao. Me whai pūkenga whakaputa-ake me te whakawhanake taputapu o te taumata teitei kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te whakaputa hua i te taumata utu o nāianei. Hei whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga me te whakanui ake i te whakataetae hua, me ako whānuitia te pūnaha katoa—mai i te matua hiko ki te PCS ki te whakaurunga pūnaha—me te mōhiotanga ki ngā hangarau hikohiko, hikohiko mana, me te mamati. Ka whakaitihia e te pānga tauine wāhanga matua ngā utu tika me ngā utu kore-rawa. Heoi anō, he nui ake te tawhē moni a te hinonga i te tapeke o ngā mahi tuku ki waho o tētahi hinonga whakauru pūnaha kotahi nā te nui ake o tōna kaha whakaputa matua me te kaha ki te hanga i tana ake pūnaha taha DC.
Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana mō te pūmanawa whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā tipu hiko rokiroki pūngao, e kitea ana, e aroturuki ana hoki i te āhua o ngā tipu hiko, e wātea ana i te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakauru hou. Ka kitea te rerekētanga mā te aroturuki i te taumata o te whakapainga, tae atu ki te aromatawai i te mahi a te matua kotahi me te tautuhi wawe i ngā āhuatanga o te rere wera. Ko ngā rautaki whakanui hua e uru ana ki te whakahaere mahi aunoa e matapae ana i ngā utu hiko te wāhanga whakataetae e whai ake nei. Kātahi ka kitea ake te rerekētanga o ngā hua, ā, ko te kaha ki te whakahaere i te mekameka hanga katoa mā te kaha puranga-katoa ka taea te whakanui ake i te pono o te hua. Nō reira, me whakanui ake e ngā kamupene rokiroki pūngao ō rātou pūkenga hangarau me te auaha kia noho whakataetae tonu ai i te mākete kaha.
3. He whai hua te rokiroki pūngao ki tāwāhi, ā, he nui te pūmanawa mākete; ka haere tonu te whakawhānui a ngā kamupene rokiroki pūngao ā-rohe ki tāwāhi.
He maha ngā tauira moni whiwhi e aro ana ki te mākete, tae atu ki te hokohoko hiko, te whakahaere auau, te tūtatari, me ētahi atu, e whakanui ake ana i te rerekētanga utu me ngā hokinga nui mō ngā kaupapa rokiroki hiko o tāwāhi i raro i ngā tikanga motuhake, ā, nā reira ka whakanui ake i ngā painga ōhanga. Ahakoa kei te whakatairanga tonu ngā kaupapa rokiroki hiko ā-rohe i ngā ratonga āwhina me te hokohoko ā-wāhi, he wāhanga nui o ā rātou moni whiwhi ka puta mai i ngā tikanga hokohoko whakaroa pērā i te rīhi kaha. Nō reira, he nui ake ngā tawhē tauwhitiwhiti ki tāwāhi i ngā tawhē ā-rohe.
Nā te ao whānui o te umanga hiko, kei te tupu haere ngā mākete rokiroki pūngao ki tāwāhi. Nā te mekameka tuku, te taiao, me ngā whakaaro mākete, kei te whakawhirinaki te umanga rokiroki pūngao ki tāwāhi ki ngā mākete o waho mō ngā rauemi mata o runga, ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga o raro, ngā rauemi anode me te cathode, ngā pākahiko, me ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga o raro. Kei te haere ngā kamupene rokiroki pūngao ā-rohe ki tāwāhi hei ngana ki te wikitoria i ēnei wero me te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga.
Hei whakawhānui ake i te umanga, kei te whakatairanga te Hononga o Amerika me ētahi atu kāwanatanga i te rokiroki pūngao hei rāngai hanga nui. I roto i te ngana ki te whakarei ake i te mekameka umanga mā te whakapiki ake i te haumi hangarau, te rangahau me te whanaketanga, me te whakaputa i ngā hangarau rokiroki pūngao hou me ngā tono katoa mō te whanaketanga ā-rohe ā muri ake nei, kei te whakatū a Amerika Te Raki me Ūropi i ngā mekameka tuku rokiroki pūngao motuhake.
He maha ngā kamupene pākahiko rokiroki pūngao rongonui o te motu e whakaae ana ki te hiranga o te moana, e tere ake ai te ao whānui mā te whakawhānui ake i ngā kaweake, te hanganga o ngā wheketere ki tāwāhi, me te "whakaterenga" o te kaha hanga teitei puta noa i te ao. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te mākete rokiroki pūngao o tāwāhi pērā i te āhuarangi haumi, ngā rauemi tangata, ngā rerekētanga ahurea, te huringa hanga me te whatunga hoko, te tautoko mekameka ahumahi, me ngā tukunga waro e hiahia ana kia aro nui ake ngā kamupene rokiroki pūngao o te motu ki ngā nekehanga o te mākete me te tono a ngā kiritaki kia tutuki ai te whanaketanga pumau.
4. Te tere o te whanaketanga o te whakaurunga rokiroki kiato
Ko ngā tono hou o te rama me te rokiroki tohatoha he hua o te hiahia o te ao mō te pūngao hou. Ko te horapa o ngā waka hiko me ngā pūnaha photovoltaic tohatoha he nui ngā tūmanakohanga mō te whakaurunga o ngā pūnaha utu me te rokiroki rama. Mā te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūtake pūngao tuku iho, ka tiakina te taiao e tēnei ariā whanaketanga whakauru.
Tuarua, ko ngā rohe me ngā kawanatanga he nui rawa te kaha o te PV tohatoha e hiahia ana ki te rokiroki PV e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā utu tiritiri wā, te whakawhanake i ngā mākete ratonga āwhina hiko, me te whakahaere i ngā tipu hiko mariko, e whakanui ake ana i ngā whai wāhitanga rokiroki photovoltaic me te utu, kei te whakautu ēnei rohe ki te karanga a te motu mō te whanaketanga pūngao whakahou. I te whakaatu a ēnei wāhi i tō rātou whaihua, ka horapa te tauira hua e pā ana ki te whakaurunga o te utu me te rokiroki mārama.
Ko te whakaurunga rokiroki whatu o Ūropi he whanaketanga e whakarato ana i te māramatanga me te hihiri ki te umanga rokiroki whatu o te ao. Ko te whanaketanga o ngā teihana hiko rokiroki whatu mai i te kore mahi ki te kaha ka hanga i te heke mai o te mara. Hei whakatutuki i te whanaketanga pai rawa atu, kei te whakatairanga ngā kamupene matua i roto i te rokiroki pūngao i te whakatūnga o tētahi pūnaha auaha.
Me tere ake te whanaketanga o ngā "kī e whā"—te photovoltaic, te rokiroki pūngao, te hauwai, te pūngao, me ētahi atu pūnaha pūngao—kia tutuki ai he heke mai me te kore tukunga waro. Ko ēnei mahi anake te huarahi hei whakatutuki i te pumau o te pūngao me te taiao, me te hanga i tētahi heke mai kanapa ake.
