Pali ubwino wambiri woyika ma solar panels. Gawo lotsatirali lifotokoza momwe kukhazikitsa, ndalama ndi nthawi yake zimakhalira.
1. Kumvetsetsa mapanelo a dzuwa
Ma solar panels ndi zipangizo zomwe zimasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi potengera kuwala kwa dzuwa. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma solar panels ambiri ndi "silicon", ndipo nthawi yake yogwira ntchito ndi pafupifupi zaka 25.
Pakati pawo, mabatire ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera, kutengera ngati kampani yamagetsi yakomweko ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
2. Kodi ubwino woyika mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi wotani?
Chizolowezi chonse
Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiyo mphamvu yobiriwira komanso yoyera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano. Kupanga ndi kufalitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa kwakhala dongosolo la zaka zana lomwe likuchirikizidwa ndi mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo United States.
Ukhondo komanso wosamalira chilengedwe
Palibe kuipitsa kapena kutulutsa mpweya woipa pakupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa. Mphamvu yochepetsera mpweya woipa ya gulu limodzi la dzuwa ndi yofanana ndi ya mitengo 10.
Ubwino wazachuma
Mtengo wa mphamvu ya dzuwa pa kilowatt-ola ndi wotsika kwambiri kuyambira 0.09 mpaka 0.20 yuan, pomwe mtengo wamagetsi wa gridi yamagetsi yadziko lonse ndi 0.3 yuan (pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko). Pansi pa lingaliro la ndalama zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndalama zamagetsi pamwezi zidzatsika nthawi yomweyo ndi 40-60%.
Sangalalani ndi kuchotsera msonkho
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, boma la US langovomereza kumene kukweza msonkho wa mphamvu ya dzuwa kufika pa 30% (kale inali 26%), ndipo ikhoza kubwezedwa pamodzi ndi kukonzanso denga kapena kusintha. 30% ya msonkho; palinso ndalama zothandizira boma. Magetsi amalonda akhoza kubwezedwa ndi 30%-45% (mpaka 2025).
3. Kodi zinthu zofunika kuziyika pa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi ziti?
Kaya nyumba yanu ndi yoyenera kuyika mphamvu ya dzuwa zimadalira
Nyengo ndi maola a dzuwa m'derali.
Denga loyang'ana dzuwa, ngati pali nthambi zotchinga mawonekedwe, muyenera kudula mtengo kaye. Makampani akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa adzapatsa makasitomala ndalama zothandizira kudula mitengo ya $500-1000.
Denga liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyambira zonyamula katundu. Ngati denga ndi lakale kwambiri, mutha kuganizira zolisintha ndi latsopano.
4. Kodi ndalama zonse zoyika ma solar panels ndi zingati?
N'zovuta kupeza yankho lokhazikika la funso ili, lomwe limadalira:
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'nyumba;
Denga likuyang'ana kum'mwera, ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri popanga magetsi;
Nthawi ya dzuwa m'derali
Ku United States, magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba wamba amakhala pakati pa ma kilowatts atatu mpaka ma kilowatts 8. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa $15,000 ndi $40,000 (popanda kuganizira za ndalama zothandizira ndi maubwino a msonkho).
Mtengo pa watt iliyonse uli pakati pa madola 6 mpaka 8. Mtengo uwu umaganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ndalama zogulira zinthu zina, malipiro a ogwira ntchito, ndalama zolipirira oyang'anira, ndi ndalama zolipirira zilolezo pakati pa zina.
Kawirikawiri, pamene makina omwe akuyikidwa akukulirakulira, mtengo wa unit pa watt iliyonse udzatsika mofananamo.
Tikaganiza kuti ndalama zanu zamagetsi zapakhomo ndi 160 USD pamwezi, ndalama zonse zokonzera makina opangira magetsi a dzuwa ndi pafupifupi $17,000 (kupatulapo kubweza misonkho ndi ndalama zothandizira, pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'malo osiyanasiyana).
5. Ndi nyengo iti yabwino yoyika mphamvu ya dzuwa? Kodi nthawi yoyika ndi yayitali bwanji?
Pokhapokha ngati nyengo ili yoipa kwambiri, ikhoza kuyikidwa chaka chonse; ngati yayikidwa nthawi yozizira, muyenera kuchotsa chipale chofewa kaye.
Zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi 3-4 kuyambira pamene mgwirizano unasainidwa mpaka kumaliza kukhazikitsa, ndipo nthawi yaikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popempha zilolezo za boma ndi kuwunika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi 2-2.5. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengero cha mabanja omwe amafunsira kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa chikukula mofulumira, zomwe zimafuna nthawi inayake, kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa sikutenga nthawi yayitali ndipo kumatha kumalizidwa mu masiku 1-2.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mupempha nthawi tsopano, idzayikidwa mu masika a chaka chamawa, panthawi yake yoti mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
6. N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu ya dzuwa iyenera kuyikidwa mwamsanga momwe zingathere?
Choyamba, ndithudi, mukayiyika msanga, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wosangalala ndi ubwino wake msanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, pakadali pano ndi nthawi yothandizira mfundo za dziko, ndipo mutha kusangalala ndi kubweza msonkho kwakukulu.
Komabe, mfundozi ndi za nthawi yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo zobwezera msonkho pa mphamvu ya dzuwa yamalonda zimatha mu 2025.
7. Mukayika mphamvu ya dzuwa, kodi mukufunikirabe kulumikiza ku gridi ya kampani yamagetsi?
Mukayika makina opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, makina anu opangira magetsi m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amafunika kulumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi ya kampani yamagetsi, yomwe ili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
Kukuthandizani kusunga magetsi
Mphamvu ya dzuwa imatha kupanga magetsi masana okha, ndipo magetsi amenewa nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Magetsi ochulukirapo amabwezedwa ku gridi yamagetsi kudzera mu inverter kuti asungidwe (kwenikweni amasamutsidwira kumalo ena ndi gridi yamagetsi).
Mphamvu ya dzuwa ikapanda kukwanira (monga mitambo kapena usiku), idzasamutsidwa kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji nthawi yosungira magetsi komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi? Pamene mita ikubwerera m'mbuyo, zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo la dzuwa likupanga magetsi ndikusunga magetsi ku gridi yamagetsi; pamene ili patsogolo, zikutanthauza kuti nyumba yanu ikugwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi.
Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi magetsi nthawi iliyonse
Ngati magetsi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito apitirira mphamvu yosungira, mutha kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi. Zachidziwikire, ndalama zowonjezera zamagetsi zimawerengedwa malinga ndi mtengo wa kampani yamagetsi.
Gridi yamagetsi idzakhala ndi mphamvu yochuluka yomwe mumapanga ndi dzuwa chaka chilichonse. Ngati pali yochuluka, muli ndi njira ziwiri: kuisonkhanitsa ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono chaka chamawa, kapena kuigulitsa ku gridi yamagetsi (mtengo wake ndi 0.05-0.08 pa kWh).
Zachidziwikire, ntchito ya "dambo" yoperekedwa ndi kampani yamagetsi si yaulere. Muyenera kuwalipira madola 7 pamwezi kuti mupeze mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito gridi.
