He maha ngā painga o te tāuta i ngā panera rā. Ka whakamāramahia e te wāhanga e whai ake nei ngā tikanga tāutanga, ngā utu me te wā.
1. Te mārama ki ngā panera rā
He taputapu ngā panera rā e huri ana i te hihi o te rā hei pūngao hiko mā te mimiti i te hihi o te rā. Ko te rauemi matua o te nuinga o ngā panera rā he "silicon", ā, e 25 tau te roa o tōna oranga mahi.
I roto i ēnei, he mea whiriwhiri noa iho ngā pākahiko, i runga i te pai o te kamupene hiko ā-rohe ki te pūngao rā.
2. He aha ngā painga o te tāutanga o te pūngao o te rā?
Te ia whānui
Ko te pūngao rā te pūngao matomato me te pūngao ma e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā. Ko te whanaketanga me te whakatairanga i te pūngao rā kua waiho hei mahere rautau te roa e tautokona ana e te nuinga o ngā whenua o te ao, tae atu ki te Hononga o Amerika.
He ma, he pai hoki mō te taiao
Kāore he parahanga, he tukunga rānei i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hiko o te rā. Ko te kaha whakaiti tukunga o te panera rā kotahi he rite ki te kaha whakaiti tukunga o ngā rākau 10.
Ngā painga ōhanga
Ko te utu mō te pūngao o te rā mō ia kirowati-haora he iti iho i te 0.09-0.20 yuan, ko te utu hiko o te whatunga hiko ā-motu he 0.3 yuan (he nui ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kawanatanga). I raro i te kaupapa o te kore haumi, ka heke tonu ngā pire hiko ā-marama mā te 40-60%.
Kia pai ki ngā whakahokinga taake
Hei whakatenatena i te whakaurunga o te pūngao rā, kua whakaaetia e te kāwanatanga ā-motu o Amerika te whakapiki i ngā whakahokinga taake pūngao rā ki te 30% (i mua ko te 26%), ā, ka taea te whakahokinga tahi me ngā whakatikatika, ngā whakakapinga rānei o te tuanui. 30% ngā whakahokinga taake; kei reira anō hoki ngā tautoko a te kāwanatanga. Ka taea te whakahokinga i te hiko arumoni mā te 30%-45% (tae noa ki te tau 2025).
3. He aha ngā whakaritenga mō te tāutanga o te pūngao o te rā?
Ko te pai o tō whare mō te tāutanga pūngao rā, kei runga i tēnā
Ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me ngā hāora whiti o te rā i te rohe.
Ko te tuanui e anga atu ana ki te rā, ki te mea he manga hei ārai i te tirohanga, me kutikuti, me tua rānei te rākau i te tuatahi. Ka hoatu e ngā kamupene pūngao rā nui ki ngā kaihoko he tahua tautoko mō te tapahi rākau o te $500-1000.
Me tutuki i te tuanui ngā whakaritenga taketake mō te amo i te kawenga. Mena kua tawhito rawa te tuanui, ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki te whakakapi ki tētahi mea hou.
4. he aha te utu katoa mō te tāuta i ngā panera rā?
He uaua ki te kimi i tētahi whakautu pumau ki tēnei pātai, e whakawhirinaki ana ki:
Te whakapaunga hiko o te whare;
Te anga o te tuanui, te anga ki te tonga, te pai ake o te whakaputa hiko;
Te wā whiti o te rā i te rohe
I te Hononga o Amerika, ko te toharite o te whakamahinga hiko o tētahi whare noa kei waenga i te 3 kirowati ki te 8 kirowati. Ko te whakapaunga i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te $15,000 ki te $40,000 (kāore e uru ki ngā tautoko me ngā painga tāke).
Ko te utu mō ia wati kei waenganui i te 6 ki te 8 tāra. Kei roto i tēnei utu ngā āhuatanga maha pērā i ngā whakapaunga mō ngā wāhanga, te utu mō te mahi, ngā takoha mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā utu mō te raihana me ētahi atu.
I te nuinga o te wā, i te nui haere o te pūnaha ka tāutahia, ka heke anō hoki te utu mō ia watt.
Ki te mea ko te pire hiko ā-whare he 160 USD ia marama, ko te utu katoa mō te whakapai ake i te pūnaha hiko o te rā he tata ki te $17,000 (haunga ngā whakahokinga taake me ngā tautoko, he nui ngā rerekētanga i ngā wāhi rerekē).
5. He aha te wā pai ake hei tāuta i te pūngao o te rā? Kia pēhea te roa o te wā tāutanga?
Ki te kore he āhuarangi kino rawa, ka taea te tāuta i te tau katoa; ki te tāuta i te takurua, me tango tuatahi te hukarere.
E 3-4 marama te roa mai i te hainatanga o te kirimana ki te whakaoti i te tāutanga, ko te nuinga o te wā e pau ana ki te tono raihana me ngā tirotiro a te kāwanatanga, e 2-2.5 marama te roa. Hei tāpiri, kei te tere tipu haere te maha o ngā whānau e tono ana ki te tāuta i te pūngao rā, e hiahia ana ki tētahi kaupapa whakarite, kāore e roa te tāutanga o te pūnaha pūngao rā, ā, ka taea te whakaoti i roto i te 1-2 rā.
Nō reira, ki te tono koe mō tētahi rārangi wā inaianei, ka tāutahia i te kōanga o te tau e tū mai nei, i te wā tika mō te pikinga ake o te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
6. He aha me tāuta ai te pūngao o te rā i te wā e taea ai?
Tuatahi, ko te tikanga, ko te wawe o te tāutanga, ko te wawe hoki ka taea e koe te whiwhi i ngā painga.
Hei tāpiritanga, he wā tautoko kaupapa here ā-motu tēnei i tēnei wā, ā, ka taea e koe te whiwhi i tētahi whakahokinga taake nui.
Heoi, he wā poto noa iho ēnei kaupapa here. Hei tauira, ka mutu te kaupapa here whakahoki taake mō te pūngao rā arumoni i te tau 2025.
7. Whai muri i te tāutanga o te pūngao o te rā, me hono tonu koe ki te whatunga hiko a te kamupene hiko?
I muri i te tāutanga o tētahi pūnaha whakaputa hiko o te rā, me hono tonu te pūnaha tuku hiko o tō kāinga ki te whatunga hiko a te kamupene hiko, ā, ko ēnei mahi āna:
Āwhina i a koe ki te penapena hiko
Ka taea anake te whakaputa hiko e te pūngao rā i te awatea, ā, kāore e pau tonu te hiko i te nuinga o te wā. Ka whakahokia te hiko taikaha ki te whatunga hiko mā te inverter hei penapena (ka tukuna ki ētahi atu wāhi e te whatunga hiko).
Ki te kore e ranea te mana o te rā (pērā i ngā rā kapua, i te pō rānei), ka whakahokia mai i te whatunga hiko.
Me pēhea te mōhio ki te wā e penapena ai te hiko, me te wā e whakamahi ai i te hiko? Ina hurihia te mita, ko te tikanga kei te whakaputa hiko te pūnaha rā, ā, kei te penapena hiko ki te whatunga hiko; ina anga whakamua, ko te tikanga kei te whakamahi tō whare i te whatunga hiko.
Kia mōhio kei a koe te hiko i ngā wā katoa
Mena ka nui ake te hiko e pau ana i te kaha rokiroki, ka taea tonu e koe te whakamahi i te whatunga hiko. Ko te tikanga, ka tatauhia te utu hiko tāpiri i runga i te utu o te kamupene hiko.
Ka nui ake te toenga o te hiko o tō whatunga hiko i ia tau. Mēnā he nui ake, e rua āu kōwhiringa: kohikohia, kātahi ka whakamahia mārire i te tau e tū mai nei, ka hokona atu rānei ki te whatunga hiko (ko te utu he 0.05-0.08 ia kWh).
Ae, ehara i te mea kore utu te ratonga "puna wai" e tukuna ana e te kamupene hiko. Me utu e koe ki a rātou e whitu tāra ia marama hei uru atu ki te whatunga hiko.
