Zininzi iingenelo zokufaka iiphaneli zelanga. Eli candelo lilandelayo liza kuchaza iimeko zokufakela, iindleko kunye nexesha.
1. Ukuqonda iiphaneli zelanga
Iiphaneli zelanga zizixhobo eziguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngamandla ombane ngokufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga. Izinto eziphambili kwiiphaneli zelanga ezininzi yi "silicon", kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo bumalunga neminyaka engama-25.
Phakathi kwazo, iibhetri zizinto ezingasetyenziswayo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni inkampani yamandla yasekuhlaleni inobuhlobo na namandla elanga.
2. Zithini iingenelo zokufaka amandla elanga?
Umkhwa ngokubanzi
Amandla elanga okwangoku ngawona asetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlaza nacocekileyo. Uphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla elanga kube sisicwangciso senkulungwane esixhaswa ngamazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kuquka ne-United States.
Icocekile kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo
Akukho ngcoliseko okanye ukukhutshwa komoya kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga. Amandla okunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya wephaneli enye yelanga alingana nalawo emithi eli-10.
Iingenelo zoqoqosho
Ixabiso lamandla elanga nge-kilowatt-yure nganye liphantsi njenge-0.09-0.20 yuan, ngelixa ixabiso lombane kwigridi yamandla kazwelonke liyi-0.3 yuan (kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe). Phantsi kwengcamango yokuba akukho tyalo-mali, iindleko zombane zenyanga ziya kwehla ngoko nangoko ngama-40-60%.
Yonwabela izaphulelo zerhafu
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukufakwa kwamandla elanga, urhulumente wobumbano wase-US usandula ukuvuma ukonyuswa kwezaphulelo zerhafu yamandla elanga ukuya kwi-30% (ngaphambili yayiyi-26%), kwaye ingabuyiselwa kunye nokulungiswa kophahla okanye ukutshintshwa. Izaphulelo zerhafu ezingama-30%; kukwakho neenkxaso-mali zikarhulumente. Umbane wezorhwebo ungabuyiselwa nge-30%-45% (kude kube ngu-2025).
3. Zithini iimeko zokufaka amandla elanga?
Ukuba ikhaya lakho lifanelekile na ukufakelwa amandla elanga kuxhomekeke ekubeni
Iimeko zemozulu kunye neeyure zelanga kuloo ndawo.
Uphahla olujonge elangeni, ukuba kukho amasebe okuthintela umbono, kufuneka unqumle okanye unqumle umthi kuqala. Iinkampani ezinkulu zelanga ziya kunika abathengi inkxaso-mali yokugawula imithi ye-$500-1000.
Uphahla kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno ezisisiseko zokuthwala umthwalo. Ukuba uphahla ludala kakhulu, ungacinga ngokulutshintsha ngolunye olutsha.
4. ingakanani iindleko zizonke zokufaka iiphaneli zelanga?
Kunzima ukuba nempendulo eqinisekileyo kulo mbuzo, exhomekeke koku kulandelayo:
Ukusetyenziswa kombane emakhaya;
Ukujongwa kophahla, ukujonga ngasemazantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane;
Ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga kuloo ndawo
E-United States, umbane osetyenziswayo rhoqo kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo uphakathi kwee-kilowatts ezi-3 ukuya kwii-kilowatts ezi-8. Iindleko zihlala ziphakathi kwe-$15,000 ukuya kwi-$40,000 (ngaphandle kokuqwalasela izibonelelo kunye neenzuzo zerhafu).
Ixabiso nge-watt nganye liphakathi kweedola ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8. Eli xabiso liqwalasela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendleko zezinto, umvuzo wabasebenzi, iirhafu zolawulo, kunye neentlawulo zelayisenisi phakathi kwezinye.
Ngokubanzi, njengoko inkqubo eza kufakelwa ikhula ngomlinganiselo, ixabiso leyunithi nge-watt nganye liya kwehla ngokufanayo.
Ukuba ibhili yakho yombane eqhelekileyo yasekhaya yi-160 USD ngenyanga, iindleko zizonke zokuphucula inkqubo yombane welanga zimalunga ne-$17,000 (ngaphandle kwezaphulelo ezahlukeneyo zerhafu kunye neenkxaso-mali, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo).
5. Leliphi ixesha lonyaka elingcono lokufaka amandla elanga? Lingakanani ixesha lokufaka?
Ngaphandle kokuba kukho imozulu embi kakhulu, ingafakwa unyaka wonke; ukuba ifakelwe ebusika, kufuneka uqale ucoce ikhephu.
Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-3-4 ukususela ekutyikityeni isivumelwano ukuya ekugqityweni kofakelo, apho ixesha eliphambili lichithwa ekufakeni izicelo zeelayisenisi zikarhulumente kunye nokuhlolwa, okuhlala kuthatha iinyanga ezi-2-2.5. Ukongeza, inani leentsapho ezifaka izicelo zokufaka amandla elanga likhula ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo efuna ishedyuli ethile, ukufakwa kwenkqubo yamandla elanga ngokwayo akuthathi xesha lininzi kwaye kunokugqitywa kwiintsuku ezi-1-2.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ufaka isicelo seshedyuli ngoku, iya kufakelwa entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
6. Kutheni kufuneka kufakwe amandla elanga kwangethuba kangangoko?
Okokuqala, ewe, okukhona uyifaka kwangethuba, kokukhona unokuyonwabela kwangethuba iingenelo zayo.
Ukongeza, okwangoku lixesha lokuxhaswa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe, kwaye ungonwabela isaphulelo esikhulu serhafu.
Nangona kunjalo, le migaqo-nkqubo inqunyelwe ixesha. Umzekelo, umgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo serhafu kumandla elanga orhwebo uphela ngo-2025.
7. Emva kokufaka amandla elanga, ngaba kusafuneka uqhagamshele kwigridi yenkampani yombane?
Emva kokufaka inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga, inkqubo yakho yokubonelela umbane ekhaya ngokubanzi isadinga ukuqhagamshelwa kwigridi yombane yenkampani yombane, enemisebenzi elandelayo:
Nceda ugcine umbane
Amandla elanga anokuvelisa umbane emini kuphela, kwaye lo mbane awusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko. Umbane ogqithisileyo uya kubuyiselwa kwigridi yombane nge-inverter ukuze ugcinwe (eneneni udluliselwa kwezinye iindawo yigridi yombane).
Xa amandla elanga enganele (njengeentsuku ezinamafu okanye ebusuku), aya kudluliselwa umva esuka kwigridi yamandla.
Ungazi njani ukuba umbane ugcinwa nini kwaye umbane usetyenziswa nini? Xa imitha ibuyiselwa umva, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yelanga ivelisa umbane kwaye igcina umbane kwigridi yombane; xa isiya phambili, oko kuthetha ukuba ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa igridi yombane.
Qinisekisa ukuba unombane nangaliphi na ixesha
Ukuba umbane owusebenzisayo udlula umthamo wokugcina, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa igridi yombane. Kakade ke, umrhumo wombane ogqithisileyo ubalwa ngokwexabiso lenkampani yombane.
Igridi yombane iya kuba nobuninzi bombane wakho welanga minyaka le. Ukuba kukho ubuninzi, unokukhetha ezimbini: ukubuqokelela uze uyisebenzise kancinci kunyaka ozayo, okanye ukuthengisele igridi yombane (ixabiso liyi-0.05-0.08 nge-kWh).
Kakade ke, inkonzo “yokugcina amanzi” enikezelwa yinkampani yombane ayisimahla. Kufuneka ubahlawule iidola ezisi-7 ngenyanga ukuze bafumane umbane.
