Hari inyungu nyinshi zo gushyiraho panneaux solaires. Igice gikurikira kizasobanura imiterere y'ishyirwaho, ikiguzi n'igihe.
1. Gusobanukirwa panneaux solaires
Imirasire y'izuba ni ibikoresho bihindura imirasire y'izuba mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya silicon nyinshi ni "silicon", kandi igihe cyabyo cyo gukora ni imyaka 25.
Muri byo, bateri ni ibikoresho byifashishwa mu buryo bwihariye, bitewe n’uko ikigo gitanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi cyo muri ako gace cyaba kidakoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
2. Ni izihe nyungu zo gushyiraho ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba?
Icyerekezo rusange
Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nizo zikoreshwa cyane mu kurengera ibidukikije n'isukura. Iterambere n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byabaye gahunda imaze imyaka ijana ishyigikiwe n'ibihugu byinshi ku isi, harimo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Isuku kandi itangiza ibidukikije
Nta mwanda cyangwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere ibaho mu gihe cyo gutanga ingufu z'izuba. Ubushobozi bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere bw'izuba rimwe bungana n'ubw'ibiti 10.
Inyungu mu bukungu
Ikiguzi cy'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kuri kilowati-saa kiri hasi cyane hagati ya yuan 0.09 na 0.20, mu gihe igiciro cy'amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'igihugu ari yuan 0.3 (hari itandukaniro rinini hagati ya leta). Dushingiye ku ishoramari nta shingiro, fagitire z'amashanyarazi za buri kwezi zizahita zigabanukaho 40-60%.
Ishimire kugabanyirizwa imisoro
Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza ishyirwaho ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, guverinoma y’Amerika yemeje ko imisoro ku mirasire y’izuba yongerwaho 30% (mbere yari 26%), kandi ishobora kugabanyirizwa hamwe no gusana cyangwa gusimbuza ibisenge. 30% by’imisoro; hari n’inkunga za leta. Amashanyarazi y’ubucuruzi ashobora kugabanyirizwa 30%-45% (kugeza mu 2025).
3. Ni ibihe bintu bisabwa kugira ngo hashyirweho ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba?
Niba inzu yawe ikwiriye gushyirwamo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba biterwa
Imiterere y'ikirere n'amasaha y'izuba muri ako gace.
Igisenge cyerekera izuba, niba hari amashami yo kuziba icyerekezo, ugomba kubanza gutema cyangwa gutema igiti. Ibigo binini bikoresha ingufu z'izuba bizaha abakiriya inkunga yo gutema ibiti ingana na $500-1000.
Igisenge kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa by'ibanze mu gutwara imizigo. Niba igisenge gishaje cyane, ushobora gutekereza kugisimbuza gishya.
4. Igiciro cyose cyo gushyiraho panels z'izuba ni ikihe?
Biragoye kugira igisubizo gihamye kuri iki kibazo, bitewe n'ibi bikurikira:
Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu ngo;
Icyerekezo cy'igisenge, cyerekeza mu majyepfo, kandi gitanga ingufu nyinshi;
Izuba ryinshi muri ako gace
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikigereranyo cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa n'urugo rusanzwe kiri hagati ya kilowati 3 na kilowati 8. Ikiguzi gisanzwe kiri hagati ya $15.000 na $40.000 (hatarebwe inkunga n'inyungu z'imisoro).
Ikiguzi kuri watt kiri hagati y'amadolari 6 na 8. Iki giciro kireba ibintu bitandukanye nko amafaranga akoreshwa mu bice, umushahara w'abakozi, imisoro y'ubuyobozi, n'amafaranga yo gutanga impushya n'ibindi.
Muri rusange, uko sisitemu igiye gushyirwaho igenda iba nini mu rugero, igiciro cya watt imwe na kimwe kizagabanuka.
Dufashe ko fagitire y'amashanyarazi yo mu rugo ari 160 USD ku kwezi, ikiguzi cyose cyo kuvugurura sisitemu y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni hafi $17,000 (usibye imisoro itandukanye n'inkunga, hari itandukaniro rinini ahantu hatandukanye).
5. Ni ibihe bihe byiza byo gushyiraho ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba? Igihe cyo gushyiraho kimara kingana iki?
Keretse iyo hari ikirere kibi cyane, gishobora gushyirwaho umwaka wose; iyo gishyizwemo mu gihe cy'itumba, ugomba kubanza gukuraho urubura.
Bifata amezi agera kuri 3-4 kuva ku masezerano yasinywe kugeza ku kurangiza gushyiraho, aho igihe kinini gikoreshwa mu gusaba uruhushya rwa leta no kugenzura, muri rusange bifata amezi 2-2.5. Byongeye kandi, umubare w'imiryango isaba gushyiraho ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba uri kwiyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba bisaba gahunda runaka, gushyiraho sisitemu y'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ubwabyo ntibitwara igihe kinini kandi bishobora kurangira mu minsi 1-2.
Kubwibyo, niba usabye gahunda ubu ngubu, izashyirwaho mu mpeshyi y'umwaka utaha, mu gihe cyiza cyo kongera imikorere y'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic.
6. Kuki ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zigomba gushyirwaho hakiri kare bishoboka?
Mbere na mbere, birumvikana ko uko uyishyiramo kare, ari na ko ushobora kwishimira ibyiza byayo.
Byongeye kandi, ubu ni igihe cyo gushyigikira politiki y'igihugu, kandi ushobora kugabanyirizwa imisoro myinshi.
Ariko, izi politiki zigomba igihe gito. Urugero, politiki yo kugabanya imisoro ku ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu bucuruzi irangirana n'umwaka wa 2025.
7. Nyuma yo gushyiraho ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, uracyakeneye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi ry'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi?
Nyuma yo gushyiraho sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu z'izuba, sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu rugo muri rusange iracyakeneye guhuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi, ufite imirimo ikurikira:
Bigufasha kubika amashanyarazi
Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ku manywa gusa, kandi muri rusange aya mashanyarazi ntabwo akoreshwa ako kanya. Amashanyarazi arenze azasubizwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi binyuze muri inverter kugira ngo ashyirwe mu bubiko (mu by'ukuri yoherezwa ahandi hantu hakoreshejwe umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi).
Iyo ingufu z'izuba zidahagije (nk'igihe cy'ibicu cyangwa nijoro), zizasubizwa inyuma ziva ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Wamenya ute igihe cyo kubika amashanyarazi n'igihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi? Iyo icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba gisubitswe, bivuze ko sisitemu y'izuba irimo gutanga amashanyarazi kandi ikabika amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi; iyo iri imbere, bivuze ko urugo rwawe rurimo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Menya neza ko ufite amashanyarazi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose
Niba amashanyarazi ukoresha arenze ubushobozi bwo kuyabika, ushobora gukomeza gukoresha amashanyarazi. Birumvikana ko amafaranga y'amashanyarazi arenzeho abarwa hakurikijwe igiciro cy'ikigo gitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruzaba rufite ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba buri mwaka. Niba hari ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi, ufite amahitamo abiri: kuyakusanya no kuyakoresha buhoro buhoro umwaka utaha, cyangwa kuyagurisha ku rusobe rw'amashanyarazi (igiciro ni 0.05-0.08 kuri kWh).
Birumvikana ko serivisi yo "gukoresha amazi" itangwa n'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi atari ubuntu. Ugomba kubishyura amadolari 7 buri kwezi kugira ngo ubashe kugera kuri grid.
