Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokufaka amaphaneli elanga. Isigaba esilandelayo sizochaza izimo zokufaka, izindleko kanye nesikhathi.
1. Ukuqonda amaphaneli elanga
Amaphaneli elanga ayimishini eguqula imisebe yelanga ibe amandla kagesi ngokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga. Izinto eziyinhloko zamaphaneli amaningi elanga "yi-silicon", futhi impilo yayo yokusebenza icishe ibe yiminyaka engama-25.
Phakathi kwazo, amabhethri ayizinto ozikhethela zona, kuye ngokuthi inkampani yamandla yendawo inobungani namandla elanga.
2. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokufaka amandla elanga?
Umkhuba ojwayelekile
Amandla elanga okwamanje yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu amandla aluhlaza nahlanzekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwanda kwamandla elanga sekuwuhlelo oluneminyaka eyikhulu olukhuthazwa amazwe amaningi emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa ne-United States.
Ihlanzekile futhi inobungani nemvelo
Akukho ukungcola noma ukukhishwa kwegesi enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kukagesi welanga. Amandla okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ephaneli elilodwa lelanga alingana nalawo ezihlahla eziyi-10.
Izinzuzo zomnotho
Izindleko zamandla elanga nge-kilowatt-hora ziphansi njenge-yuan engu-0.09-0.20, kuyilapho intengo kagesi yegridi yamandla kazwelonke ingu-0.3 yuan (kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe). Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungatshalwa kwezimali, izikweletu zikagesi zanyanga zonke zizokwehla ngokushesha ngo-40-60%.
Jabulela izaphulelo zentela
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukufakwa kwamandla elanga, uhulumeni wobumbano wase-US usanda kuvuma ukwanda kwezaphulelo zentela yamandla elanga ziye ku-30% (ngaphambilini ezingama-26%), futhi zingabuyiselwa kanye nokulungiswa kophahla noma ukushintshwa. Izaphulelo zentela ezingama-30%; kukhona nezibonelelo zikahulumeni. Ugesi wezohwebo ungabuyiselwa ngo-30%-45% (kuze kube ngu-2025).
3. Yiziphi izimo zokufaka amandla elanga?
Ukuthi ikhaya lakho lifanele yini ukufaka amandla elanga kuncike ekutheni
Izimo zezulu kanye namahora okukhanya kwelanga endaweni.
Uphahla olubheke elangeni, uma kukhona amagatsha okuvimba umbono, udinga ukunquma noma ukunquma umuthi kuqala. Izinkampani ezinkulu zelanga zizonikeza amakhasimende uxhaso lokusika umuthi olungama-$500-1000.
Uphahla kumele luhlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuthwala imithwalo. Uma uphahla seludala kakhulu, ungacabanga ukulushintsha ngolusha.
4. Zingakanani izindleko zokufaka amaphaneli elanga?
Kunzima ukuba nempendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo, okuncike kulokhu okulandelayo:
Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ekhaya;
Ukuqondiswa kophahla, ukubheka eningizimu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukagesi okuphezulu;
Isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga endaweni
E-United States, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okujwayelekile komndeni ojwayelekile kusuka kuma-kilowatts amathathu kuya kuma-kilowatts ayisishiyagalombili. Izindleko zivame ukuba phakathi kuka-$15,000 kuya ku-$40,000 (ngaphandle kokucabangela izibonelelo kanye nezinzuzo zentela).
Izindleko nge-watt ngayinye ziphakathi kwamadola ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8. Lezi zindleko zicabangela izici ezahlukahlukene njengezindleko zezingxenye, inkokhelo yabasebenzi, izimali zokuphatha, kanye nemali yokunikeza amalayisense phakathi kwezinye.
Ngokuvamile, njengoba uhlelo oluzofakwa luba lukhulu ngobukhulu, intengo yeyunithi nge-watt ngayinye izokwehla ngokufanayo.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sakho sikagesi sasekhaya singama-USD ayi-160 ngenyanga, izindleko eziphelele zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi welanga zingaba ngu-$17,000 (ngaphandle kwezaphulelo zentela ezahlukahlukene kanye nezibonelelo, kunomehluko omkhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene).
5. Yisiphi isizini esingcono ukufaka amandla elanga? Isikhathi sokufaka singakanani?
Ngaphandle kokuba kunesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ingafakwa unyaka wonke; uma ifakwa ebusika, udinga ukususa iqhwa kuqala.
Kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-3-4 kusukela ekusayineni inkontileka kuya ekuqedeni ukufakwa, lapho isikhathi esiyinhloko sichithwa khona ekufakeni izicelo zamalayisense kahulumeni kanye nokuhlolwa, okuvamile ukuthatha izinyanga ezi-2-2.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lemindeni efaka izicelo zokufaka amandla elanga likhula ngokushesha, okudinga isimiso esithile, ukufakwa kohlelo lwamandla elanga ngokwalo akuthathi isikhathi esiningi futhi kungaqedwa ezinsukwini ezi-1-2.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka isicelo seshejuli manje, izofakwa entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, ngesikhathi esifanele sokwanda kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
6. Kungani amandla elanga kufanele afakwe kusenesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka?
Okokuqala, vele, uma uyifaka kusenesikhathi, kulapho ungajabulela khona izinzuzo ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje yisikhathi sokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke, futhi ungajabulela isaphulelo esikhulu sentela.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinqubomgomo zinqunyelwe isikhathi. Isibonelo, inqubomgomo yesaphulelo sentela yamandla elanga ebhizinisi iphela ngo-2025.
7. Ngemva kokufaka amandla elanga, ingabe usadinga ukuxhuma kugridi yenkampani kagesi?
Ngemva kokufaka uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi welanga, uhlelo lwakho lokuphakelwa kukagesi ekhaya ngokuvamile kusadingeka luxhunywe kugridi kagesi yenkampani kagesi, enemisebenzi elandelayo:
Siza ukugcina ugesi
Amandla elanga angakhiqiza ugesi emini kuphela, futhi lo gesi ngokuvamile awusetshenziswa ngokushesha. Ugesi owengeziwe uzobuyiselwa kugridi yamandla nge-inverter ukuze ugcinwe (empeleni udluliselwa kwezinye izindawo yigridi yamandla).
Uma amandla elanga enganele (njengezinsuku ezinamafu noma ebusuku), azodluliselwa emuva esuka kugridi yamandla.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi kufanele ugesi ugcinwe nini nokuthi kufanele usebenzise nini ugesi? Uma imitha ibuyiselwa emuva, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwelanga lukhiqiza ugesi futhi lugcina ugesi kugridi yamandla; uma lungaphambili, kusho ukuthi ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa igridi yamandla.
Qiniseka ukuthi unogesi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
Uma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwakho kudlula umthamo wokugcina, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa igridi kagesi. Vele, imali kagesi eyengeziwe ibalwa ngokwentengo yenkampani kagesi.
Igridi yamandla izoba nensalela yokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kwakho minyaka yonke. Uma kukhona insalela, unezinketho ezimbili: ukuyiqoqa bese uyisebenzisa kancane kancane ngonyaka ozayo, noma ukuyithengisa kugridi yamandla (intengo ingu-0.05-0.08 nge-kWh).
Vele, isevisi “yedamu” enikezwa yinkampani kagesi ayimahhala. Udinga ukubakhokhela amadola ayi-7 ngenyanga ukuze bafinyelele kugridi.
