Mu gihe cy’impinduka mu ngufu ku isi no mu iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije, imirasire y’izuba ikwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi no mu nganda yabaye ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza bitewe n’ibyiza byayo byihariye.
1. Ibyiza by'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba akwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi n'inganda
Inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu
Sisitemu za PV zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi n'inganda zikoresha neza umwanya wo hejuru y'inzu, zigakoresha uburyo bwa "kwikoresha amashanyarazi menshi agurishwa kuri grid", bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'imikorere kandi bikongera inyungu mu bukungu. Urugero, amasosiyete nka China Southern Power Grid yashyize mu bikorwa ubu buryo kugira ngo agere ku musaruro uhamye w'amashanyarazi n'inyungu ziyongereye zituruka ku kugurisha amashanyarazi menshi. Ku bigo bikora inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, gushyiraho sisitemu ya PV ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bishobora gutuma habaho kuzigama amafaranga menshi y'amashanyarazi, ndetse no kunguka. Sisitemu ya PV ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ya 1MW, ifite 80% by'ikoreshwa ryayo na 20% by'ikoreshwa ryayo ku grid, ishobora kwiyishyura mu myaka 4-5, inyungu zose hamwe zirenga miliyoni 15 z'ama-RMB mu myaka 20.
Ibyiza bidasanzwe ku bidukikije
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ingufu zisukuye, sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y’izuba zigabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bigafasha ubucuruzi kugera ku mpinduka mu bidukikije no guhuza n’imigendekere myiza y’ibidukikije ku isi. Kuba zihuza n’ibikenewe mu bucuruzi butandukanye ndetse n’imiterere yazo mu buryo bworoshye bituma zishobora gusubiza mu buryo bworoshye ibikenewe mu ngufu zitandukanye, kunoza imikorere myiza y’ingufu, no kugira uruhare mu kugera ku ntego z’ikigo zo kuzigama no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ibi ntibifasha gusa kwirinda amande menshi ahubwo binatuma izina ry’ikigo rirushaho kuba ryiza ndetse n’inshingano zacyo ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Imiterere yagutse y'ikoreshwa
Sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi n'inganda zirakoreshwa cyane, harimo ku bisenge by'inganda, pariki z'ibikoresho, uturere tw'inganda, ibitaro, amashuri, n'amazu y'ubucuruzi. Nubwo ingano zitandukanye z'ibisenge, umubare munini w'ahantu hashobora gukoreshwa ushobora gutuma habaho ubushobozi bunini bwo gutanga amashanyarazi binyuze mu bwubatsi n'imicungire rusange. By'umwihariko, ibisenge binini by'inganda bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ni byiza cyane mu kubaka sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Gukoresha umwanya udafite aho uhuriye n'igisenge ntibihaza gusa ibyo ikigo gikeneye mu ngufu ahubwo binatanga inyungu nyinshi binyuze mu kugurisha ingufu zirenze ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe no kunoza ihumure
Imirasire y'izuba igira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, kandi gushyiraho sisitemu ya PV y'izuba bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu nganda, bikongera ihumure ry'aho bakorera no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bikorerwa mu nganda bihoraho. Ku bigo byinshi bikora inganda, ibi bishobora gutuma amafaranga yo gukonjesha agabanuka cyane.
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihamye
Mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi menshi mu mpeshyi, sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu bucuruzi no mu nganda zishobora kuba isoko y'ingufu, zigatuma umusaruro udahagarara. Guhuza ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'izikenewe mu bucuruzi birushaho gufasha guhaza ibyifuzo by'ingufu kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kubura kw'amashanyarazi.
2. Uburyo burambuye bwo guteza imbere imirasire y'izuba ikwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi n'inganda
Iterambere ry'uburyo bwa PV y'izuba ikwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi no mu nganda rikubiyemo ibyiciro bine by'ingenzi: imyiteguro y'ibanze, gutanga ishoramari, kubaka, no guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kuyakira. Hasi hari isesengura rirambuye rya buri cyiciro:
Imyiteguro y'ibanze
Kumenya umutungo w'umushinga:Tangira ushakisha umutungo ukwiye wo ku gisenge cy’ubucuruzi n’inganda, ubusanzwe uri hagati ya metero kare 1.000 na 10.000. Ibisenge binini bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ni byo bihabwa agaciro. Isuzuma ry’ibanze rigomba gusuzuma imiterere y’ikigo, ubushobozi bwo kubona inguzanyo, imiterere y’imikorere, umutungo w’inyubako, imiterere y’igisenge, igihe cyo kugikoresha, n’ubuso bwacyo.
Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuvugana n'abandi no gusuzuma imikorere yabo bwa mbere:Ganira n'abafite aho bakorera kugira ngo muganire ku miterere y'igisenge, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, n'imigambi y'ubufatanye. Suzuma imbogamizi zishobora kubaho, nk'inyubako ndende zegereye cyangwa aho umwanda uturuka, kugira ngo hubakwe kandi hakoreshwe neza.
Ubushakashatsi n'Ubushushanyi bw'Urubuga rwa EPC:Nyuma y'isuzuma rya mbere, itsinda rya EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) risura aho ibikorwa bibera, rikoresha indege zitagira abapilote (drones aerial modelling), kandi rigasuzuma imiterere y'inyubako ukurikije aho ibikorwa bibera. Hanyuma itsinda rigasuzuma imikorere rusange y'ikigo, rigagena uburyo bukwiye bwo gukorana (kwikoresha, ingufu zirenze zigurishwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi).
Gutanga ishoramari
Gutanga Imishinga muri Komisiyo Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura:Gutegura no gutanga inyandiko zikenewe, harimo ifishi yo gusaba umushinga wa PV utangwa n'izuba, ifishi yo gutanga imishinga y'ishoramari, ifishi yo kwandikisha umushinga w'ishoramari ry'umutungo utimukanwa, n'ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'ibisenge, bishyikirizwa Komisiyo Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura ry'Imishinga yo mu Karere kugira ngo ishyirwe mu bikorwa. Amakuru y'ingenzi nk'ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho, ingano y'ishoramari, n'igihe cyo kubaka bigomba gusobanurwa neza.
Kwemeza Guhuza Isosiyete ya Grid:Kohereza icyarimwe inyandiko zijyanye na sisitemu na raporo z’uburyo bwo kwinjira muri sisitemu kugira ngo isabe uburenganzira bwo guhuza. Iyi sosiyete izakora isuzuma ry’aho iherereye, ikore gahunda ya sisitemu yo kwinjira, kandi itange icyemezo mu gihe cyagenwe.
Ubwubatsi
Guhitamo rwiyemezamirimo wa EPC:Ni ngombwa gukorana na rwiyemezamirimo wujuje ibisabwa muri EPC. Emeza ibyangombwa by' rwiyemezamirimo kugira ngo umenye neza ko afite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya no kubaka bukenewe. Mu gihe cy'ubufatanye, kurikiza amabwiriza yemewe n'amategeko kandi yubahirizwa kugira ngo umenye neza ko umushinga wemewe kandi wemewe.
Ubwubatsi:Komeza ubwubatsi ushingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera n'uburyo bwo kugera kuri sisitemu. Kurikiza cyane amabwiriza y'umutekano n'amahame y'ubwubatsi kugira ngo urebe ko ubuziranenge n'iterambere bihari. Komeza kuvugana n'ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi no guhuza amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi.
Guhuza no Kwemera Grid
Gukoresha no Gusuzuma Umuyoboro wa Grid:Nyuma yo kubaka, saba ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo gisuzume kandi gipime imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi kizakora igenzura n'ibizamini aho gikorera kugira ngo gihuze neza na sisitemu ya PV y'izuba n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Gusinya Amasezerano yo Kugura Ingufu n'Amasezerano yo Kohereza Grid:Gusinya amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi no kohereza amashanyarazi n'ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi, bigasobanura uburenganzira n'inshingano by'impande zombi. Ayo masezerano azagaragaza igiciro cy'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo kwishyura amashanyarazi yifashisha n'amashanyarazi y'inyongera agurishwa kuri amashanyarazi.
Guhuza no Gutanga Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi:Iyo igeragezwa n’iyemerwa birangiye, sisitemu ya PV y’izuba iratangira gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro. Isosiyete itangira kwishimira inyungu z’ubukungu n’ibidukikije z’iyi sisitemu, mu gihe fagitire z’amashanyarazi n’amafaranga yinjira byishyurwa hakurikijwe amasezerano.
3. Umwanzuro
Sisitemu za PV zikoreshwa n'izuba zikwirakwizwa mu bucuruzi no mu nganda, hamwe n'inyungu zazo zikomeye mu bukungu no mu bidukikije ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuzikoresha mu buryo bugari, zirimo kuba amahitamo y'ingenzi ku bigo bigamije impinduka mu bidukikije. Iyi gahunda irambuye yo guteza imbere no kubahiriza amategeko itanga ibitekerezo birambuye ku bigo n'amabwiriza yo kuzikoresha kugira ngo bishyirwe mu bikorwa neza.
