I roto i te ngaru o te whakawhiti pūngao o te ao me te whanaketanga matomato, kua noho ko ngā hiko solar PV tohatoha arumoni me te ahumahi hei kaiārahi matua mō te whanaketanga ōhanga me te pāpori pumau nā runga i ōna painga ahurei.
1. Ngā Painga o te Pūngao Solar PV Tohatoha Arumoni me Ahumahi
Ngā Painga Ōhanga Nui
Ka whakamahia paitia e ngā pūnaha PV rā ā-pākihi me ā-umanga te wāhi o te tuanui, ka whakamahia he tauira "whakamahi-ā-koe me te hiko tāpiri ka hokona ki te whatunga", ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere me te whakarei ake i ngā hokinga mai ohaoha. Hei tauira, kua whakatinanahia e ngā kamupene pēnei i a China Southern Power Grid tēnei tauira hei whakatutuki i te tuku hiko pumau me te moni whiwhi tāpiri mai i te hoko hiko tāpiri. Mō ngā pakihi hangahanga e kai nui ana i te hiko, mā te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha PV rā ka taea te penapena utu hiko nui, tae atu ki te hua. Ka taea e tētahi pūnaha PV rā 1MW, me te 80% te whakamahinga-ā-koe me te 20% te hiko tāpiri ka hokona ki te whatunga, te utu mōna ake i roto i ngā tau 4-5, me te tapeke o ngā hokinga mai neke atu i te 15 miriona RMB i roto i ngā tau 20.
Ngā Painga Taiao Tino Pai
Hei tohu mō te pūngao ma, ka whakaitihia e ngā pūnaha PV rā tohatoha ngā tukunga waro, ka āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te whakatutuki i te panonitanga matomato me te hono atu ki ngā au o te oranga tonutanga o te ao. Nā tō rātou urutau ki ngā hiahia pakihi me te whakatakotoranga kore-pūnaha ka taea e rātou te urupare ngāwari ki ngā tono pūngao rerekē, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te whai wāhi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga a te kamupene. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei ki te karo i ngā whiu nui engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te ahua waitohu me te kawenga pāpori o te kamupene.
Ngā horopaki whānui mō te tono
He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha PV solar arumoni me ngā pūnaha ahumahi tohatoha, tae atu ki ngā tuanui wheketere, ngā papa mahi kawe hiko, ngā rohe ahumahi, ngā hōhipera, ngā kura, me ngā toa hokohoko. Ahakoa te rerekētanga o te rahi o ngā tuanui, ka taea e te maha o ngā wāhi pea te whakaputa hiko nui mā te hanganga me te whakahaere pokapū. Ina koa, he pai ngā tuanui wheketere nui me te nui o te whakamahinga hiko mō te hanga pūnaha PV solar tohatoha. Ko te whakamahi i te wāhi tuanui kore mahi ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i ngā hiahia hiko o te kamupene engari ka puta he moni whiwhi tāpiri mā te hoko hiko tāpiri ki te whatunga hiko.
Te Whakahaere i te Pāmahana me te Whakapai Ake i te Whakamarie
He ārai wera ngā panera rā, ā, mā te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha PV rā ka taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana o roto o ngā wheketere, te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te taiao mahi, me te whakarite kia pumau te mahi a ngā taputapu whakaputa. Mō te maha o ngā pakihi whakaputa, ka taea e tēnei te penapena nui i ngā utu whakamatao.
Pūtake Hiko Pūmau
I te wā e kore ana te hiko, e whakamahia ana rānei te hiko i te raumati, ka taea e ngā pūnaha PV rā ā-pākihi me ngā pūnaha ahumahi te mahi hei puna hiko tārua, hei whakarite kia kore e mutu te whakaputa hiko. Mā te whakataurite i te whakaputanga hiko rā ki ngā tono hiko pakihi e tino hiahiatia ana ka āwhina i te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te motuhanga hiko.
2. Tukanga Whakawhanake Taipitopito mō te PV Rā Tohatoha Arumoni me te Ahumahi
Ko te tukanga whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha PV rā ā-pākihi me ā-ahumahi e whā ngā wāhanga matua: te whakarite tuatahi, te tuku haumitanga, te hanga, me te hononga whatunga me te whakaae. Kei raro nei he whakamārama taipitopito o ia wāhanga:
Te Whakaritenga Tuatahi
Te Tāutu i ngā Rauemi Kaupapa:Tīmata mā te tautuhi i ngā rauemi tuanui arumoni me ngā tuanui ahumahi e tika ana, mai i te 1,000 ki te 10,000 mita pūrua te rahi. Ka aro nui ki ngā tuanui nunui he nui te hiko e pau ana. Me whai whakaaro ngā aromatawai whaihua tuatahi ki ngā āhuatanga o te kamupene, te mana nama, te tūnga whakahaere, te mana whakahaere o te whare, te hanganga o te tuanui, te roa o te ora, me te wāhi.
Te Whakatū Whakapā me te Aromatawai Tuatahi:Me kōrero tahi me ngā kaipupuri whenua mō te hanganga o te tuanui, te whakamahinga hiko, me ngā whāinga mahi tahi. Aromatawaihia ngā arai pea, pērā i ngā whare teitei e tata ana, ngā pūtake parahanga rānei, kia pai ai te hanganga me te whakahaere.
Te Arotake me te Whakatauira o te Pae EPC:I muri i te aromatawai tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia e te tīma EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) he haerenga ki te papaanga, ka whakamahi i te tauira rererangi a te waka rererangi, ā, ka manatoko i ngā mahere whare ki te papaanga tuturu. Kātahi ka aromatawaihia e te tīma ngā mahi whānui a te kamupene, ā, ka whakatauhia te tauira mahi tahi e tika ana (te whakamahi-ake, te hiko tāpiri ka hokona ki te whatunga hiko).
Te Tukunga Pūtea
Te Tukunga Kaupapa ki te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga:Whakaritea, ā, tukuna atu ngā tuhinga e tika ana, tae atu ki te puka tono kaupapa PV pūngao rā kua tohatohahia, te puka tuku kaupapa haumi, te puka rēhita kaupapa haumi rawa pumau, me ngā rauemi tuanui e pā ana ki te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahou ā-rohe mō te tuku kaupapa. Me mārama te tautuhi i ngā mōhiohio matua pēnei i te kaha kua tāutahia, te tauine haumi, me te wā hanga.
Whakaaetanga Hononga Kamupene Whatunga:Tukuna ngātahitia ngā tuhinga e tika ana me ngā pūrongo urunga pūnaha ki te kamupene whatunga hiko hei tono mō te whakaaetanga hononga. Ka whakahaerehia e te kamupene whatunga he rangahau pae, ka whakatakoto i tētahi mahere pūnaha urunga, ā, ka tukuna he whakaaetanga i roto i te wā kua whakaritea.
Hanganga
Te Kōwhiri i tētahi Kaiwhakatū EPC:He mea nui te mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakatū EPC whai tohu. Manatokohia ngā tohu o te kaiwhakatū kia mōhio ai kei a rātou ngā pūkenga hoahoa me te hanga e tika ana. I te wā o te mahi tahi, me whai i ngā tikanga tuku tono ture me ngā tikanga tuku tono kia mōhio ai kei te ture me te tutuki te kaupapa.
Te Hanganga:Me haere tonu te hanga i runga i ngā mahere hoahoa me te urunga ki te pūnaha. Me whai pūmau i ngā ture haumaru me ngā paerewa hanga hei whakarite i te kounga me te ahunga whakamua. Me pupuri tonu te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te kamupene whatunga hiko hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te tuku hiko me te hononga whatunga hiko i te wā hanga.
Hononga Whatunga me te Whakaaetanga
Te tono me te whakamātautau hononga whatunga:Kia oti te hanganga, tonoa te kamupene whatunga hiko mō te tirotiro me te whakamātautau i te hononga whatunga hiko. Ka whakahaerehia e te kamupene whatunga hiko ngā tirotiro me ngā whakamātautau i te papaanga kia pai ai te hononga i waenga i te pūnaha PV solar me te whatunga hiko.
Te Waitohu i te Whakaaetanga Hoko Hiko me te Whakaaetanga Tukunga Whatunga:Waitohuhia ngā whakaaetanga hoko hiko me te tuku hiko me te kamupene hiko, me te whakamārama i ngā tika me ngā herenga o ngā taha e rua. Ka tohua e te whakaaetanga te utu hiko me te tikanga whakatau mō te hiko e whakamahia ana e te tangata ake me te hiko toenga e hokona ana ki te hiko.
Hononga Whatunga me te Whakatūnga:Kia oti te whakamātautau me te whakaae, ka whakaaetia te pūnaha PV rā. Ka tīmata te kamupene ki te whiwhi i ngā painga ōhanga me te taiao o te pūnaha, ā, ka whakatauhia ngā pire hiko me ngā moni whiwhi e ai ki te kirimana.
3. Whakamutunga
Ko ngā pūnaha PV pūngao rā arumoni me te ahumahi, me ō rātou painga ōhanga me te taiao nui me ngā āhuatanga tono whānui, kei te noho hei whiringa nui mā ngā kamupene e whai ana ki te panoni matomato. Mā tēnei tukanga whanaketanga taipitopito me te aratohu ture e whakarato ki ngā pakihi he māramatanga whānui me ngā tohutoro mō te whakatinanatanga angitu.
