Kwixesha lotshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza, i-PV yelanga esasazwayo kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso iye yaba ngumqhubi ophambili wophuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho noluntu ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo.
1. Iingenelo zePV yelanga esasazwayo kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso
Iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho
Iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV ezisasazwayo kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso zisebenzisa indawo eluphahleni ngokufanelekileyo, zamkela imodeli "yokuzisebenzisa ngokwazo kunye namandla angaphezulu athengiswa kwigridi", nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwaye yonyusa imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, iinkampani ezifana neChina Southern Power Grid zisebenzise le modeli ukuze zifezekise ukunikezelwa kombane okuzinzileyo kunye nengeniso eyongezelelweyo evela ekuthengiseni umbane ongaphezulu. Kumashishini okuvelisa asebenzisa amandla amaninzi, ukufaka inkqubo yelanga ye-PV kunokukhokelela ekongeni iindleko zombane, kwanenzuzo. Inkqubo yelanga ye-1MW ye-PV, ene-80% yokuzisebenzisa ngokwazo kunye ne-20% yamandla angaphezulu athengiswa kwigridi, inokuzihlawulela ngaphakathi kweminyaka emi-4-5, kunye nembuyekezo iyonke edlula i-15 yezigidi zeerandi kwiminyaka engama-20.
Iingenelo Ezibalaseleyo Zokusingqongileyo
Njengommeli wamandla acocekileyo, iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV ezisasazwayo zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, zinceda amashishini ukuba afikelele kutshintsho oluluhlaza kwaye ahambelane neendlela zokuzinza kwehlabathi. Ukuziqhelanisa kwazo neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeshishini kunye noyilo olusasazwayo kubenza bakwazi ukuphendula ngokuguquguquka kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zamandla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye negalelo ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela ekuphepheni izohlwayo ezinkulu kodwa kukwaphucula umfanekiso wenkampani kunye noxanduva lwentlalo.
Imizekelo yesicelo esibanzi
Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezisasazwayo zorhwebo nezoshishino zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kuquka ophahleni lweefektri, iipaki zezothutho, iindawo zemizi-mveliso, izibhedlele, izikolo, kunye neevenkile ezinkulu. Nangona ubukhulu beephahla buhluka, inani elikhulu leendawo ezinokubakho linokubangela amandla amakhulu okuvelisa umbane ngokwakha kunye nolawulo oluphakathi. Ingakumbi, iiphahla ezinkulu zefektri ezinokusetyenziswa kombane okuphezulu zilungele ukwakha iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezisasazwayo. Ukusebenzisa indawo engasebenziyo eluphahleni akupheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zamandla zenkampani kodwa kukwavelisa ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ngokuthengisa umbane ongaphezulu kwigridi.
Ulawulo lobushushu kunye nentuthuzelo ephuculweyo
Iiphaneli zelanga zinefuthe lokuthintela ubushushu, kwaye ukufaka inkqubo ye-PV yelanga kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ubushushu bangaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso, kuphucule intuthuzelo yendawo yokusebenza kwaye kuqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zemveliso. Kumashishini amaninzi okuvelisa, oku kunokukhokelela ekongeni okukhulu kwiindleko zokupholisa.
Ubonelelo lwaMandla oluZinzileyo
Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwamandla okanye ukusetyenziswa kombane kakhulu ehlotyeni, iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV zorhwebo nezemizi-mveliso zingasebenza njengomthombo wamandla ongezelelweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okungaphazanyiswayo. Ukulungelelaniswa kokuveliswa kwamandla elanga neemfuno zombane eziphezulu zoshishino kunceda ngakumbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokunqamka kombane.
2. Inkqubo yoPhuhliso oluneenkcukacha zePV yelanga esasazwayo yoRhwebo kunye neyeMizi-mveliso
Inkqubo yophuhliso lwenkqubo yelanga ye-PV esasazwayo kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso ibandakanya amanqanaba amane aphambili: ukulungiselela kwangaphambili, ukufaka iifayile zotyalo-mali, ulwakhiwo, kunye noqhagamshelo kunye nokwamkelwa kwegridi. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwesigaba ngasinye:
Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili
Ukuchonga Izixhobo zeProjekthi:Qala ngokuchonga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zorhwebo nezoshishino, eziqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-1,000 ukuya kwi-10,000 yeemitha zesikwere. Kubekwa phambili uphahla olukhulu olusebenzisa umbane kakhulu. Uvavanyo lokuqala lokwenzeka kufuneka luqwalasele iimpawu zenkampani, ukufaneleka kwetyala, imeko yokusebenza, ubunini besakhiwo, ulwakhiwo lophahla, ixesha lokuphila, kunye nendawo.
Ukumisela uQhagamshelwano kunye noVavanyo lokuqala:Nxibelelana nabanini besiza ukuze nixoxe ngesakhiwo sophahla, ukusetyenziswa kombane, kunye neenjongo zentsebenziswano. Hlola imiqobo enokubakho, njengezakhiwo ezinde ezikufutshane okanye imithombo yongcoliseko, ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kakuhle.
Uphando lweSayithi ye-EPC kunye nokuModeli:Emva kovavanyo lokuqala, iqela le-EPC (UbuNjineli, ukuThenga, kunye noKwakha) lityelela indawo, lisebenzise imodeli ye-drone aerial, kwaye liqinisekisa izicwangciso zokwakha ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yokwenyani. Iqela emva koko livavanya imisebenzi iyonke yenkampani kwaye limisele imodeli efanelekileyo yentsebenziswano (ukuzisebenzisa, amandla angaphezulu athengiswa kwigridi).
Ukufakwa kotyalo-mali
Ukufakwa kweeProjekthi kwiKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo:Lungisa kwaye ungenise amaxwebhu afunekayo, kuquka ifomu yesicelo seprojekthi ye-PV yelanga esasazwe, ifomu yokufaka iprojekthi yotyalo-mali, ifomu yokubhalisa iprojekthi yotyalo-mali lwezinto ezizinzileyo, kunye nezinto zophahla ezinxulumene noko kwiKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lwengingqi ukuze ifayilishwe. Ulwazi oluphambili olufana nomthamo ofakiweyo, ubungakanani botyalo-mali, kunye nexesha lokwakha kufuneka luchazwe ngokucacileyo.
Imvume yoQhagamshelo lweNkampani yeGrid:Ngenisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye neengxelo zokufikelela kwinkqubo ngaxeshanye kwinkampani yegridi ukuze ufake isicelo sokuvunywa koqhagamshelo. Inkampani yegridi iya kuqhuba uphando lwendawo, yenze isicwangciso senkqubo yokufikelela, kwaye ikhuphe imvume kwixesha elimiselweyo.
Ulwakhiwo
Ukukhetha iKontraka ye-EPC:Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nomenzi wekontrakta ofanelekileyo we-EPC. Qinisekisa iziqinisekiso zomenzi wekontrakta ukuqinisekisa ukuba unamandla oyilo nokwakha afunekayo. Ngexesha lentsebenziswano, landela iinkqubo zomthetho nezihambelanayo zokufaka izicelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi isemthethweni kwaye iyathotyelwa.
Ulwakhiwo:Qhubeka nokwakha ngokusekelwe kuyilo kunye nezicwangciso zokufikelela kwinkqubo. Landela ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokwakha ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nenkqubela phambili. Gcina unxibelelwano nenkampani yegridi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zombane kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi ngexesha lokwakha.
Uqhagamshelo lweGridi kunye noKwamkelwa
Isicelo kunye noVavanyo loQhagamshelo lweGridi:Emva kokuba ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe, faka isicelo kwinkampani yegridi ukuze ihlolwe kwaye ivavanye uqhagamshelo lwegridi. Inkampani yegridi iya kuqhuba uhlolo kunye novavanyo kwindawo ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluhamba kakuhle phakathi kwenkqubo yelanga yePV kunye negridi.
Ukusayina Isivumelwano Sokuthenga Umbane kunye Nesivumelwano Sokuthunyelwa Kwegridi:Ukusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga umbane kunye nokuthunyelwa kwegridi nenkampani yegridi, kucacisa amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zamaqela omabini. Isivumelwano siza kuchaza ixabiso lombane kunye nendlela yokuhlawula umbane ozisebenzisayo kunye namandla angaphezulu athengiswa kwigridi.
Uqhagamshelo lweGridi kunye nokuQaliswa kwayo:Nje ukuba uvavanyo nokwamkelwa kugqityiwe, inkqubo yelanga ye-PV iyaqaliswa ngokusesikweni. Inkampani iqala ukonwabela iingenelo zoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo zenkqubo, ngelixa iindleko zombane kunye nengeniso zihlawulwa ngokwesivumelwano.
3. Isiphelo
Iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV ezisasazwa kwezorhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso, kunye neenzuzo zazo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho nakwindalo esingqongileyo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ziba lukhetho olubalulekileyo kwiinkampani ezijolise ekuguquleni okuluhlaza. Le nkqubo yophuhliso eneenkcukacha kunye nesikhokelo sokuthobela imithetho zibonelela amashishini ngolwazi olupheleleyo kunye neereferensi zokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo.
