Egagasini lokuguquka kwamandla omhlaba kanye nentuthuko eluhlaza, i-PV yelanga esatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano kanye nezimboni isibe yimbangela ebalulekile yentuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalo esimeme ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele.
1. Izinzuzo ze-PV yelanga esatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano nezezimboni
Izinzuzo Ezibalulekile Zezomnotho
Izinhlelo ze-solar PV ezisatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano nezezimboni zisebenzisa isikhala sophahla ngendlela ephumelelayo, zisebenzisa imodeli "yokuzisebenzisa ngamandla amaningi athengiswa kugridi", kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokuthuthukisa imbuyiselo yezomnotho. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-China Southern Power Grid zisebenzise le modeli ukuze zithole ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi okuzinzile kanye nemali engenayo eyengeziwe ngokuthengisa ugesi owengeziwe. Kumabhizinisi okukhiqiza asebenzisa amandla amaningi, ukufaka uhlelo lwe-solar PV kungaholela ekongeni okukhulu kwezindleko zikagesi, ngisho nenzuzo. Uhlelo lwe-solar PV lwe-1MW, olunokusetshenziswa kwamandla angu-80% kanye namandla angaphezu kuka-20% athengiswa kugridi, lungazikhokhela lungakapheli iminyaka engu-4-5, kanti imbuyiselo iyonke idlula i-RMB yezigidi ezingu-15 eminyakeni engu-20.
Izinzuzo Ezivelele Zemvelo
Njengommeleli wamandla ahlanzekile, izinhlelo ze-solar PV ezisatshalaliswayo zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, zisiza amabhizinisi ukuthi afinyelele uguquko oluluhlaza futhi avumelane nemikhuba yokuzinza emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuzivumelanisa kwazo nezidingo ezahlukene zebhizinisi kanye nokuhlelwa kwazo okusabalele kubenza bakwazi ukuphendula ngokuguquguqukayo ezidingweni ezahlukene zamandla, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi banikele ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokonga amandla enkampani kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusiza ekugwemeni izinhlawulo ezinkulu kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo wenkampani kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini.
Izimo Ezibanzi Zokusebenza
Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zezentengiselwano nezezimboni ezisatshalaliswayo zisebenza kabanzi, kufaka phakathi ophahleni lwefektri, amapaki okuthutha, izindawo zezimboni, izibhedlela, izikole, kanye nezitolo ezinkulu. Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezindlu, inani elikhulu lezindawo ezingaba khona lingabangela amandla amakhulu okukhiqizwa kwamandla ngokwakhiwa kanye nokuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe. Ikakhulukazi, izindlu ezinkulu zefektri ezisebenzisa ugesi omningi zilungele ukwakha izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga ezisatshalaliswayo. Ukusebenzisa isikhala sophahla esingasebenzi akugcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zenkampani kodwa futhi kukhiqiza imali engenayo eyengeziwe ngokuthengisa amandla amaningi kugridi.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Nokunethezeka Okuthuthukisiwe
Amaphaneli elanga anomphumela wokuvimbela ukushisa, futhi ukufaka uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga kunganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lezimboni, kuthuthukise induduzo yendawo yokusebenza futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini yokukhiqiza. Kumabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza, lokhu kungaholela ekongeni okukhulu ezindleleni zokupholisa.
Ukunikezwa Kwamandla Okuzinzile
Ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kukagesi noma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphezulu kakhulu ehlobo, izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zezentengiselwano nezezimboni zingasebenza njengomthombo wamandla osekelayo, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okungaphazamiseki. Ukuvumelanisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi welanga nezidingo zikagesi zebhizinisi eziphakeme kakhulu kusiza kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphela kukagesi.
2. Inqubo Yokuthuthukiswa Eningiliziwe Ye-PV Yelanga Esatshalaliswa Ezentengiselwano Nezimboni
Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-PV yelanga olusatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano nezimboni ihilela izigaba ezine eziyinhloko: ukulungiselela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukufaka amafomu okutshalwa kwezimali, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi kanye nokwamukelwa kwayo. Ngezansi kunencazelo eningiliziwe yesigaba ngasinye:
Ukulungiselela Kwangaphambi Kokuqala
Ukuhlonza Izinsizakusebenza Zephrojekthi:Qala ngokuhlonza izinsiza ezifanele zophahla lwezentengiselwano nezezimboni, ngokuvamile ezisukela kumamitha-skwele ayi-1,000 kuya ku-10,000. Kubekwa phambili ophahleni olukhulu olusebenzisa kakhulu ugesi. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokwenzeka kufanele kucabangele izici zenkampani, ukufaneleka kwesikweletu, isimo sokusebenza, ubunikazi besakhiwo, isakhiwo sophahla, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nendawo.
Ukusungula Ukuxhumana Nokuhlola Kokuqala:Xhumana nabanikazi besayithi ukuze nixoxe ngesakhiwo sophahla, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, kanye nezinhloso zokubambisana. Hlola izithiyo ezingaba khona, njengezakhiwo ezinde eziseduze noma imithombo yokungcola, ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kahle.
Ucwaningo Lwesiza Se-EPC Nokwenza Amamodeli:Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, ithimba le-EPC (Ubunjiniyela, Ukuthengwa, kanye Nokwakhiwa) livakashela indawo, lisebenzisa imodeli yezindiza ezidonswayo, futhi liqinisekisa amapulani okwakha maqondana nendawo yangempela. Ithimba libe selihlola imisebenzi iyonke yenkampani bese linquma imodeli yokubambisana efanele (ukusetshenziswa kwayo, amandla amaningi athengiswa kugridi).
Ukufaka Izimali Ezitshaliwe
Ukufakwa Kwephrojekthi NeKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa:Lungisa futhi uthumele imibhalo edingekayo, kufaka phakathi ifomu lesicelo sephrojekthi ye-solar PV esatshalaliswa, ifomu lokufaka iphrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali, ifomu lokubhalisa iphrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali yempahla engapheli, kanye nezinto zophahla ezihlobene neKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kwezakhiwo yendawo ukuze ifake iphrojekthi. Ulwazi olubalulekile njengomthamo ofakiwe, isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nesikhathi sokwakha kumele luchazwe ngokucacile.
Ukuvunyelwa kokuxhumeka kwenkampani yegridi:Ngenisa imibhalo efanele kanye nemibiko yokufinyelela ohlelweni ngesikhathi esisodwa enkampanini yegridi ukuze ufake isicelo sokuvunyelwa kokuxhumeka. Inkampani yegridi izokwenza ucwaningo lwendawo, yakhe uhlelo lokufinyelela ohlelweni, bese ikhipha imvume ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe.
Ukwakhiwa
Ukukhetha Usonkontileka we-EPC:Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nosonkontileka ofanelekayo we-EPC. Qinisekisa iziqinisekiso zosonkontileka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banamakhono okuklama nokwakha adingekayo. Ngesikhathi sokubambisana, landela izinqubo zokubhida zomthetho nezihambisanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi isemthethweni futhi iyahambisana nayo.
Ukwakhiwa:Qhubeka nokwakha ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni zokuklama nokufinyelela ohlelweni. Landela ngokuqinile imithethonqubo yokuphepha kanye nezindinganiso zokwakha ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nenqubekela phambili. Gcina ukuxhumana nenkampani yegridi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Ukuxhumeka kwegridi kanye nokwamukelwa kwayo
Isicelo Nokuhlolwa Kokuxhumeka Kwegridi:Ngemva kokuthi ukwakhiwa sekuqediwe, faka isicelo enkampanini yegridi ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe uxhumano lwegridi. Inkampani yegridi izokwenza ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa endaweni ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okubushelelezi phakathi kohlelo lwe-solar PV kanye negridi.
Ukusayina Isivumelwano Sokuthenga Ugesi kanye Nesivumelwano Sokuthunyelwa Kwegridi:Sayina izivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwegridi nenkampani yegridi, ucacise amalungelo nezibopho zabo bobabili abathintekayo. Isivumelwano sizocacisa intengo kagesi kanye nendlela yokukhokha ugesi ozisebenzisayo kanye namandla angaphezulu athengiswa kugridi.
Ukuxhumeka kwegridi kanye nokugunyazwa kwayo:Uma ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa sekuqediwe, uhlelo lwe-solar PV luqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni. Inkampani iqala ukujabulela izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo zalolu hlelo, kuyilapho izikweletu zikagesi kanye nemali engenayo kukhokhwa ngokwesivumelwano.
3. Isiphetho
Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga ezisatshalaliswa kwezentengiselwano nezezimboni, ngezinzuzo zazo ezibalulekile kwezomnotho nezemvelo kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa ezibanzi, seziba ukukhetha okubalulekile ezinkampanini ezihlose ukuguquka okuluhlaza. Le nqubo yokuthuthukiswa enemininingwane kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuhambisana nomthetho kunikeza amabhizinisi ukuqonda okuphelele kanye nezinkomba zokusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo.
