Nekuwedzera kuri kuita simba remagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic (PV)) mumakore mashoma apfuura, simba remagetsi epasi rose rePV rinotarisirwa kupfuura 450 GW gore rino. Sezvo zviwanikwa zvevhu zvakakodzera zvichiri kushomeka, musika unofanirwa kutsvaga mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana ePV. PaSNEC yegore rino, kuratidzwa kwezuva kukuru pasi rose, vagadziri vazhinji vemamodule vakaratidza zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa nharaunda dzakasiyana, nekushandisa maPV anoyangarara uye erenje kuchionekwa zvakanyanya. Mashandisirwo aya matsva haangogadzirisi kushomeka kwevhu chete asiwo anobatanidzwa nemagariro emuno, zvichipa mabhenefiti ehupfumi nenharaunda.
Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mamiriro ekushandiswa, hunhu hwehunyanzvi, uye mukana weramangwana we tekinoroji dzePV dzinoyangarara uye dzemugwenga. Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvemuenzaniso, tichaongorora zvakanakira nematambudziko adzo mukushandiswa chaiko.
PV inoyangarara: Mashandisirwo uye Magadzirirwo
Floating PV tekinoroji iri kubuda uye ine tariro inosanganisira kuisa solar panels pamusoro pemvura kuti igadzire magetsi. Ine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye kukosha kwemagariro evanhu. Panyaya yekuisa, kushandisa zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi nharaunda kunobatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda dzemumvura, nepo kuiswa kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza kunoderedza mari yekuvaka uye kudzivirira gakava rekuva muridzi wevhu rinowanzo sangana mumapurojekiti ePV akamiswa pasi.
Matangi emvura anoyangarara anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri: matangi emvura ari mugungwa neari mukati megungwa. Mapurojekiti emunyika anosanganisira kuisa madhamu, matangi emvura, makomba emigodhi akasiyiwa, madhamu ekugadzira, uye madziva.
Zvimiro zveUnyanzvi
Pakusarudza mamodule, mamodule egirazi maviri anoshanda zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwePV inoyangarara, sezvo achigadzirisa matambudziko ekubvumidzwa kwemvura uye anogona kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ne5-10% zvichienzaniswa nemasisitimu akaiswa pasi. Panyaya yekugadzira sisitimu, mvura yakadzika pasi pemamita matatu inowanzo shandisa nheyo dzakagadzika, nepo mvura yakadzika (inopfuura mamita matatu) ichivimba nezvivakwa zvinoyangarara, zvakaita semapuratifomu akavakirwa pamapontoon kana mabhokisi. Sezvo kuiswa kwePV inoyangarara kazhinji kuchikurumidza uye kuri nyore pane kwepasi, vagadziri vari kuwedzera kuongorora chikamu ichi, vachigadzira musika wakasiyana wevagadziri vemamodule. Maitiro aya akaonekwa paSNEC, uko makambani mazhinji akaratidza mamodule ePV akagadzirirwa mashandisirwo anobva mumvura, zvichiratidza kugona kukuru kwekukura kwesimba rezuva rinoyangarara.
Sezvo PV inoyangarara iri kuwana simba rakawanda, China inotarisirwa kutanga mapurojekiti ePV ari kunze kwenyika ane huwandu hwe2-3 GW gore rino, kunyanya mumatunhu ari kumahombekombe akadai seShandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, neFujian. Mapurojekiti mazhinji aya akarongerwa kuvakwa pakati pekupera kwa2024 nekutanga kwa2025, uye kutumirwa kunotanga mukota yechina ya2024. Zvinoshamisa kuti, Sungrow Floating PV, ine mugove mukuru pamusika, ndiyo chete kambani inokwanisa kuvaka mapurojekiti ePV inoyangarara mumvura yakadzika kupfuura mamita zana.
Kunze kwekuisa magetsi akawanda mugungwa, mapurojekiti ePV emvura yemunyika muChina anopawo mikana mikuru. Mapurojekiti aya anogona kurongwa sehurongwa hwepakati kana hwakagoverwa. Mapurojekiti ePV emunyika, anowanzo kuvakwa munzvimbo dzinobva mumigodhi yemarasha, anowanzo bva pa50 kusvika 200 MW. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapurojekiti ePV emumadziva akagoverwa anowanzo bva pa5 kusvika pa30 MW. Pakazara, mapurojekiti ePV emvura yemunyika muChina anoratidza mukana wakakura, uye Infolink inotarisira kuti kuiswa kwePV yemunyika muChina kupfuure 5 GW gore rino, nekuisa kwepasi rose kusvika pa7-8 GW.
Matambudziko neMhinduro
Pasinei nekukura kwayo kuri kuvimbisa, PV inoyangarara inotarisana nematambudziko akati wandei, kusanganisira zvinodiwa pakuvaka nekugadzirisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kunetseka pamusoro pehunhu hwemvura uye nharaunda dzemumvura kunoda kusimbiswazve kuburikidza neongororo dzezviitiko. Mukupindura, makambani ari kuunza mhinduro dzekugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Semuenzaniso, Sungrow Floating PV yakashandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro muchirongwa chayo chedura remvura re60 MW muSingapore kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakachengeteka. Nemakambani akawanda ari kushandisa matekinoroji matsva uye mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, kugamuchirwa kwePV inoyangarara neruzhinji kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichigadzira nzira yebudiriro inogarika.
PV yeRenje: Mashandisirwo uye Zvimiro
Desert PV inoshandisa chiedza chezuva chakawanda nenzvimbo dzakakura, dzakavhurika kuti iwane simba rakawanda uye mari shoma. China inotungamira pasi rose muzvirongwa zvezuva remugwenga, ine mapurojekiti makuru munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai seXinjiang neInner Mongolia. Chirongwa che "Shagehuang", chekutanga cheChina che10 GW-level hybrid solar newind power base, chinoratidza izvi. Chikamu chekutanga (1 GW) chatobatanidzwa negrid, nepo chikamu chechipiri nechechitatu chiri kuvakwa.
Nekuda kwemitemo yakaoma yekushandisa ivhu kumapurazi makuru anoshandiswa nemagetsi ezuva, vagadziri vari kuramba vachitendeukira kunzvimbo dzegwenga, uko kuri nyore kuwana ivhu. Uyezve, mapurojekiti ePV egwenga anobatsira mukugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekubatsira mukuedza kurima masango, zvichiita kuti "kusvibira kwegwenga kunoshandiswa nemagetsi ezuva" kuve nzira iri kubuda.
Matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye Kugadziriswa
Nzvimbo dzerenje dzine matambudziko makuru kune maPV modules, kusanganisira tembiricha yakakwira, shanduko huru yekupisa kwezuva nezuva, mwaranzi ye ultraviolet yakanyanya, uye madutu ejecha. Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, vari kuvandudza matekinoroji akadai segirazi rakakora rekudzivirira jecha, machira ekudzivirira guruva, uye kutsungirira kupisa kwakawedzerwa.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mitemo yakatarwa inofanira kutevedzwa. Semuenzaniso, muInner Mongolia, mapurojekiti ezuva anofanirwa kubatanidza kuchengetwa kwesimba kuti grid igadzikane uye anoda kugadzirwa kwePV module yemuno nemabhatiri. Uyezve, zvirambidzo zvekutumira magetsi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina zvinodzikamisa kutengeswa kwemagetsi kune mamwe mapurovhinzi, zvichideredza kufarira mumapurojekiti ePV erenje. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwePV yerenje kuchiri kushoma muna 2024.
Tarisiro Yeramangwana
Tekinoroji dzePV dzinoyangarara pasi uye dzemugwenga dzinomirira nzira dzinovimbisa dzeramangwana resimba rinogona kushandiswazve. Kuti zviwedzere mabhenefiti ehupfumi, mamwe mapurojekiti ePV anoyangarara anosanganisira kurima kwemvura uye kushanyirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichigadzira modhi yakabatana ye "solar-hovery". Panguva iyi, mapurojekiti ePV emugwenga ari kutsvaga nzira dzakawanda, achibatanidza simba rezuva nekurima uye kugadzirisa zvakatipoteredza kuti vagadzire mapaki emugwenga anochengetedza nharaunda.
Kunyangwe hazvo mashandisirwo aya achiri misika isina basa pasi rose, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mitemo inotsigira zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwavo. Nekuwedzera kwekunetseka nezvezvakatipoteredza uye kudiwa kwesimba, zvese PV inoyangarara uye yakasiyiwa zvine mukana wekuwana chiyero pakati pekubudirira kwehupfumi uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira vese pakuchinja kwesimba.
