Shekarar 2024 ta nuna muhimmin lokaci ga masana'antar photovoltaic (PV) yayin da gasa mai zafi ke haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri a fasahar tantanin halitta da aikace-aikacen masana'antu, wanda ya zarce saurin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Duk da waɗannan sabbin abubuwa, zaɓin fim ɗin encapsulation - ko POE (polyolefin elastomer), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), ko EPE - ya kasance muhimmin batu kuma mai muhawara sosai ga duka gilashin gilashi, takardar gilashin baya, da kuma na'urori masu sassauƙa.
Modules na waje na PV suna fuskantar lalacewa daga manyan abubuwan muhalli guda huɗu: zafi, iskar oxygen, ruwa, da hasken ultraviolet (UV). Duk da cewa ayyukan halittu ba su da yawa a cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, sauran abubuwan suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a zaɓin abu. Wannan labarin yana kwatanta aikin EVA da POE a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, yana ba da sabbin fahimta da hanyoyin zaɓin abu.
1. Zafi
Duk EVA da POE, idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, za su iya jure wa ɗan gajeren lokaci na fuskantar yanayin zafi kusan digiri 150 na Celsius. Duk da haka, EVA tana ruɓewa a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 200 na Celsius, tana fitar da adadi mai yawa na acetic acid, yayin da POE ke kasancewa a tsaye har sai yanayin zafi ya wuce digiri 300 na Celsius.
2. Iskar Oxygen
A zafin ɗaki, duka kayan suna nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga iskar shaka. Duk da haka, EVA ta ƙunshi ƙananan adadin monomers na acetic acid kyauta, waɗanda ke da saurin iskar shaka a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Sabanin haka, POE, wanda ya ƙunshi haɗin carbon-hydrogen mai karko a sinadarai, yana buƙatar yanayin zafi mai yawa don amsawa da iskar shaka.
3. Ruwa
Rukunin ester na EVA suna da saurin kamuwa da hydrolysis, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ƙungiyoyin carboxyl waɗanda ke hanzarta haɓaka hydrolysis da lalata kayan. POE, tare da cikakken sarkar carbon-hydrogen, tana da daidaito a sinadarai kuma ba ta shafar hydrolysis. Bugu da ƙari, POE tana nuna juriyar tururin ruwa mai kyau, tare da ƙimar watsa tururin ruwa (WVTR) na kimanin 3 g/m2·24h a 38°C da ɗanɗano 90%, idan aka kwatanta da WVTR na EVA na 25 g/m2·24h. Wannan ƙarancin iska yana haɓaka ikon POE na kare abubuwan da ke cikin module daga lalacewar danshi.
4. Hasken Ultraviolet
Tsarin sarkar hydrogen mai carbon-carbon na POE yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da sinadarai—haɗin CH a 414 kJ/mol da haɗaɗɗen CC a 332 kJ/mol—wanda hakan ke sa su jure wa tsagawar da UV ke haifarwa. Akasin haka, ƙungiyoyin ester na EVA suna ɗauke da haɗaɗɗen CO tare da kuzarin haɗin gwiwa ƙasa da 330 kJ/mol, waɗanda suka fi saurin lalacewa ta UV.
Kammalawa
Daga cikin muhimman abubuwa guda huɗu da ke shafar ingancin amfani da waje—zafi, iskar oxygen, ruwa, da UV—POE yana ci gaba da yin fice a EVA. Yayin da ƙwayoyin PV ke ƙara yin aiki kuma suna buƙatar ingantaccen aminci, POE ta kasance zaɓi mafi kyau don tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki mai ɗorewa a cikin muhallin waje.
