Ko te tau 2024 he tau nui mō te umanga photovoltaic (PV) i te mea he whakataetae nui e akiaki ana i ngā whanaketanga tere o te hangarau pūtau me ngā tono ahumahi, he nui atu i te tere o te tekau tau ki muri. Ahakoa ēnei auahatanga, ko te kōwhiringa o te kiriata encapsulation—ahakoa ko te POE (polyolefin elastomer), ko te EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), ko te EPE rānei—kei te noho tonu hei kaupapa nui, ā, he kaupapa tautohetohe whānui mō ngā kōwae karāhe-karāhe, te whārangi karāhe-muri, me ngā kōwae ngāwari.
Ka pāngia ngā kōwae PV o waho e ngā āhuatanga taiao matua e whā: te wera, te hāora, te wai, me te hihi ultraviolet (UV). Ahakoa he iti noa te mahi koiora i roto i ēnei tono, he mea nui ngā āhuatanga kē atu i roto i te kōwhiringa rauemi. Ka whakatauritehia e tēnei tuhinga te mahi a te EVA me te POE i raro i ēnei āhuatanga, ka tukuna he māramatanga hou me ngā tikanga mō te kōwhiringa rauemi.
1. Te wera
Ina honoa te EVA me te POE, ka taea e rāua te tu atu i te pāmahana tata ki te 150°C mō te wā poto. Heoi, ka pirau te EVA i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 200°C, ka tukuna he nui o te waikawa acetic, engari ka noho pumau te POE tae noa ki te neke atu o te pāmahana i te 300°C.
2. Hāora
I te pāmahana rūma, he pai te ātete o ngā rauemi e rua ki te waikura. Heoi, kei roto i te EVA he iti noa iho o ngā monomer waikawa acetic kore utu, e ngāwari ana ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana teitei. He rerekē, ko te POE, he mea hanga katoa mai i ngā here waro-hauwai pumau matū, me nui ake ngā pāmahana e hiahiatia ana hei tauhohe ki te hāora.
3. Wai
Ka ngāwari te waikura o ngā rōpū ester o te EVA, ka hua ake te hanganga o ngā rōpū carboxyl e tere ake ai te waikura me te pirau o ngā rauemi. Ko te POE, me tōna mekameka waro-hauwai katoa, he pumau te matū, ā, kāore e pāngia e te waikura. Hei tāpiri, he pai ake te ātete o te POE ki te kohu wai, me te tere tuku kohu wai (WVTR) tata ki te 3 g/m2·24h i te 38°C me te 90% te haumākū whanaunga, ki te whakaritea ki te WVTR o te EVA o te 25 g/m2·24h. Mā tēnei urunga iti ake ka whakarei ake i te kaha o te POE ki te tiaki i ngā wāhanga o roto o te kōwae mai i te kino o te makuku.
4. Te Irahiko Ultraviolet
He kaha ngā hononga matū o te hanganga mekameka waro-hauwai katoa o POE—he hononga CH i te 414 kJ/mol me ngā hononga CC i te 332 kJ/mol—e ātete ana ki te tapahi i puta mai i te UV. I tua atu, kei roto i ngā rōpū ester o te EVA ngā hononga CO me ngā pūngao hononga kei raro iho i te 330 kJ/mol, he ngāwari ake ki te pirau UV.
Whakamutunga
I roto i ngā āhuatanga matua e whā e pā ana ki te pono o te whakamahinga o waho—te wera, te hāora, te wai, me te UV—he pai ake te mahi a te POE i te EVA. I te mea ka piki haere te whai hua o ngā pūtau PV, ā, ka nui ake te pono o te tono, ko te POE tonu te whiringa pai rawa atu hei whakarite i te putanga hiko pumau mō te wā roa i roto i ngā taiao o waho.
