Unyaka ka-2024 uphawula isikhathi esibalulekile embonini ye-photovoltaic (PV) njengoba ukuncintisana okukhulu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bamaseli kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, okudlula kakhulu ijubane leminyaka eyishumi edlule. Naphezu kwalezi zinto ezintsha, ukukhetha ifilimu ye-encapsulation—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-POE (polyolefin elastomer), i-EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), noma i-EPE—kusalokhu kuyisihloko esibucayi nesixoxwa kabanzi kokubili kumamojula engilazi, ishidi elingemuva kwengilazi, kanye namamojula aguquguqukayo.
Amamojula e-PV angaphandle abhekene nokuwohloka ngenxa yezici ezine eziyinhloko zemvelo: ukushisa, umoya-mpilo, amanzi, kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV). Nakuba umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ungabalulekanga kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ezinye izici zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni izinto. Lesi sihloko siqhathanisa ukusebenza kwe-EVA kanye ne-POE ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, sinikeza ukuqonda okusha kanye nezindlela zokukhetha izinto.
1. Ukushisa
Kokubili i-EVA ne-POE, uma zixhunywe ndawonye, zingamelana nokuchayeka kwesikhashana emazingeni okushisa acishe abe ngu-150°C. Kodwa-ke, i-EVA iyabola emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-200°C, ikhiphe inani elikhulu le-acetic acid, kanti i-POE ihlala izinzile kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa edlula angu-300°C.
2. I-oksijini
Emazingeni okushisa egumbi, zombili izinto zibonisa ukumelana okuhle ne-oxidation. Kodwa-ke, i-EVA iqukethe inani elincane lama-monomers e-acetic acid yamahhala, avame uku-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-POE, eyakhiwe ngokuphelele ngamabhondi e-carbon-hydrogen azinzile ngamakhemikhali, idinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu ukuze isabele nomoya-mpilo.
3. Amanzi
Amaqembu e-ester e-EVA asengozini yokuqothulwa yi-hydrolysis, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamaqembu e-carboxyl asheshisa i-hydrolysis eyengeziwe kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto. I-POE, enochungechunge lwayo oluphelele lwe-carbon-hydrogen, izinzile ngamakhemikhali futhi ayithinteki yi-hydrolysis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-POE ikhombisa ukumelana okuphezulu komhwamuko wamanzi, ngesilinganiso sokudluliselwa komhwamuko wamanzi (WVTR) esingaba ngu-3 g/m2·24h ku-38°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-90%, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-WVTR ye-EVA engu-25 g/m2·24h. Lokhu kuncipha kokungena kwamanzi kuthuthukisa ikhono le-POE lokuvikela izingxenye zemodyuli yangaphakathi ekulimaleni komswakama.
4. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet
Isakhiwo seketanga le-carbon-hydrogen le-POE sinezibopho zamakhemikhali eziqinile—izibopho ze-CH ku-414 kJ/mol kanye nezibopho ze-CC ku-332 kJ/mol—okwenza zimelane nokuqhekeka okubangelwa yi-UV. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaqembu e-ester e-EVA aqukethe izibopho ze-CO ezinamandla ezibopho angaphansi kuka-330 kJ/mol, ezivame kakhulu ukuwohloka kwe-UV.
Isiphetho
Phakathi kwezici ezine ezibalulekile ezithinta ukuthembeka kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle—ukushisa, umoya-mpilo, amanzi, kanye ne-UV—i-POE isebenza kangcono kune-EVA. Njengoba amaseli e-PV eba ngcono futhi efuna ukuthembeka okuqinile, i-POE ihlala iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamandla okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni zangaphandle.
