Umwaka wa 2024 ni igihe cy'ingenzi ku nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic (PV) mu gihe irushanwa rikomeye rituma habaho iterambere ryihuse mu ikoranabuhanga ry’uturemangingo no mu nganda, rirenze cyane umuvuduko w’imyaka icumi ishize. Nubwo hari udushya, guhitamo filime ya encapsulation—yaba POE (polyolefin elastomer), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), cyangwa EPE—biracyari ingingo y’ingenzi kandi ikaganirwaho cyane haba ku birahuri by’ikirahure, impapuro z’inyuma z’ikirahure, ndetse n’ibikoresho byoroshye.
Ibyuma bya PV byo hanze bihura n'iyangirika riturutse ku bintu bine by'ingenzi bidukikije: ubushyuhe, ogisijeni, amazi, n'imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV). Nubwo imikorere y'ibinyabuzima ari nto cyane muri izi ngero, ibindi bintu bigira uruhare runini mu guhitamo ibikoresho. Iyi nkuru igereranya imikorere ya EVA na POE muri ibi bihe, itanga ibitekerezo bishya n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho.
1. Ubushyuhe
EVA na POE byombi, iyo bifatanye, bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 150 igihe gito. Ariko, EVA irabora iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 200, ikarekura aside asetiki nyinshi, mu gihe POE iguma ihamye kugeza ubushyuhe burenga dogere selisiyusi 300.
2. Ogisijeni
Mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ibikoresho byombi bigaragaza ko birwanya ogisijeni neza. Ariko, EVA irimo ingano nto ya monomers za aside asetiki yigenga, zishobora ogisijeni mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Mu buryo bunyuranye, POE, igizwe gusa n'imigozi ya karuboni na hydrogen ihamye, ikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kugira ngo ihuze na ogisijeni.
3. Amazi
Amatsinda ya ester ya EVA ashobora kwangirika n’amazi, bigatuma habaho amatsinda ya karubokisili yihutisha amazi no kwangirika kw’ibintu. POE, hamwe n’urunigi rwayo rwa karubonike-hayidrojeni yuzuye, irahamye mu buryo bwa shimi kandi ntigira ingaruka ku mazi. Byongeye kandi, POE igaragaza ubudahangarwa bw’umwuka w’amazi, ifite igipimo cyo kohereza umwuka w’amazi (WVTR) kingana na 3 g/m2·24h kuri 38°C na 90% by’ubushuhe, ugereranije na WVTR ya EVA ya 25 g/m2·24h. Uku kugabanuka k’umwuka w’amazi byongera ubushobozi bwa POE bwo kurinda ibice by’imbere bya module kwangirika k’ubushuhe.
4. Imirasire ya Ultraviolet
Imiterere y'uruhererekane rwa POE rugizwe na carbon-hydrogen rugizwe n'imigozi ikomeye ya chemical—imigozi ya CH kuri 414 kJ/mol na CC kuri 332 kJ/mol—ibituma idapfa kwangirika bitewe na UV. Ku rundi ruhande, amatsinda ya ester ya EVA arimo imigozi ya CO ifite ingufu za link ziri munsi ya 330 kJ/mol, zishobora kwangirika cyane na UV.
Umwanzuro
Mu bintu bine by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gukoresha ingufu hanze—ubushyuhe, ogisijeni, amazi, na UV—POE ihora irusha EVA. Uko uturemangingo twa PV tugenda dukora neza kandi tugasaba kwizerwa cyane, POE ikomeje kuba amahitamo meza yo kwemeza ko ingufu zitangwa mu gihe kirekire kandi zihamye mu bidukikije byo hanze.
