Kayan aiki na asali suna a farkon lantarki na gida sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta masana'antar adana makamashin sinadarai, sai kuma masana'antun muhimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da tsarin, sannan kuma a ƙarshe masu amfani da su.
A cikin etsarin ajiya na nergy, akwaimanyan rukunoni guda biyu na kayan haɗin: waɗanda suke batura da tsarin. Tsarinya haɗa da fakitin baturi, BMS, PCS, da EMS.
Babban batirin ajiya (cell + FACK + BMS) ya kai kashi 67%, ajiyar gidaje ya kai kashi 35% (injin ajiya mai sauƙi), kuma abubuwan da ba na photovoltaic ba sun kai kashi 49% na jimillar kuɗin tsarin adana makamashi.
Ajiye kayan ɗaki Kimanin kashi 10% na jimillar kuɗin ajiya sun samo asali ne daga PCS, kashi 23% kuma sun samo asali ne daga ajiyar gidaje (bayan cire kayan da suka kai kashi 32% na jimillar kuɗin), sannan kashi 32% kuma sun samo asali ne daga ƙimar adadin da aka adana a gidan.
Batirin ajiya
Tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana da tsari ta hanyar tsarin batirin, wanda shine cibiyar jijiyar tsarin. Tunda manyan batirin ajiya suma suna da tushen wutar lantarki guda ɗaya kuma babu sarari mai yawa don rage farashi yayin da girma ke ƙaruwa daga mahangar fasaha, batirin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manyan ayyukan adana makamashi.
A shekarar 2021,CATL ya jagoranci duniya wajen jigilar batirin lithium-ion don adana makamashi tare da kaso kusan 25%, sai kuma BYD, Samsung SDI na Koriya ta Kudu, da LGES na Koriya ta Kudu.
CATL babu shakka tana kan gaba a fanninta a China, tare da kamfanoni kamar BYD,HAUWA'UMakamashin Lithium, Makamashin Penghui,Goyon, Pilon Fasaha.
Ana sa ran masana'antar BMS ta adana makamashi za ta kai darajar dala biliyan 20 nan da shekarar 2025 saboda muhimmiyar rawar da take takawa a matsayin tsarin sa ido kan tsarin batirin adana makamashi.
Bukatun BMS don adana makamashi sun fi na batirin mota ƙarfi.
Masu kera motoci, masu kera batir, da kuma na musammanzMasu samar da BMS sune suka fi yawa a masana'antar a yanzu. A halin yanzu babu wani jagora a kasuwar BMS ta adana makamashi, sabanin kasuwar BMS ta batirin wutar lantarki, wacce masana'antar kera motoci ke jagoranta.
Ganin halin da masana'antar ke ciki a yanzu dangane da balaga ta fasaha, rashin ka'idojin masana'antu, da kuma yanayin gasa da ke tsakanin masu fafatawa, ana sa ran cewa yanayin kasuwar BMS na batirin adana makamashi zai yi daidai da na kasuwar BMS na batirin wutar lantarki.
Tsarin Canza Wutar Lantarki na PCS, ko Tsarin Canza Wutar Lantarki
Tsarin canza wutar lantarki da sarrafawa (PCS) shine babban ɓangaren tashar wutar lantarki ta adana makamashi. Yana daidaita caji da fitarwa na baturi kuma yana yin canjin AC/DC don aika wutar kai tsaye zuwa ga kayan AC lokacin da grid ɗin ya faɗi.
Haɗin PCS ya fi mayar da hankali kan ƙwarewa a fannoni uku: ikon rage farashi akai-akai; ƙarfin alamar; da kuma ikon tara jari da buɗe sabbin hanyoyi.
Masu shiga cikin wannan yanayi na rashin tabbas za su ga wahalar yin wani abu a masana'antar sarrafa makamashi ta China, wadda har yanzu take cikin ƙuruciya dangane da inganta inganci, rage farashi, da kuma ƙaruwar girma.
Akwai babban karo tsakanin fasahar da manyan masana'antun na'urorin canza wutar lantarki ke amfani da su a fannin adana makamashi da kuma amfani da na'urorin daukar hoto.
EMS
A matsayin cibiyar jijiya ta cibiyar adana makamashi, EMS (Tsarin Gudanar da Makamashi) ita ce ke da alhakin yanke muhimman shawarwari kan aiki.
EMS tana bawa ESS damar shiga cikin hulɗar "tushen-grid-load-storage", tsara jadawalin tashar wutar lantarki ta kama-da-wane, da kuma tsara jadawalin grid.
Akwai kimanin kasuwanci 16 a cikin masana'antar EMS ta adana makamashi ta cikin gida, ciki har da wasu da aka jera a kasuwar hannayen jari waɗanda suka fi mai da hankali kan tsarin State Grid.
Galibi kamfanonin sun haɗa da Pylon Technology, Guodian Nanrui, Zhongtian Science and Technology, Zhongheng Electric, XuJi Electric, PingGao Electric, Sungrow da ChangYuan Group.
Kwarewa a fannin haɓaka software da tsara dabarun inganta makamashi zai zama muhimmi ga makomar gasa ta EMS.
Rigakafin gobara da daidaita zafin jiki a ajiyar makamashi
Kula da yanayin zafin ajiya na makamashi galibi yana mai da hankali ne kan manyan wuraren adana makamashi.
Tare da babban ƙarfinsa, yanayin aiki mai rikitarwa, da sauran halaye, ana sa ran sanyaya ruwa zai ƙara yawan kasuwar ajiyar makamashi mai yawa.
Kimanin kashi 3% na jimillar kuɗin tsarin adana makamashi yana tafiya ne zuwa ga matakan tsaron wuta; wannan kaso yana iya faɗaɗa tare da masana'antar adana makamashi, kuma ana hasashen ƙimarsa da ƙaruwar yawansa za su zarce kasuwa gabaɗaya. Misalai kaɗan na kasuwancin kashe gobara na adana makamashi sun haɗa da Green Bird Fire, National Security, da sauransu.
Akwai dangantaka mai kyau tsakanin masu haɗa makamashi a cikin gida da masu haɗa makamashi a ƙasashen waje. Duk da haka, wasu masu haɗa makamashi a ƙasashen waje suna dogara ne akan ayyukan OEM da masu haɗa makamashi a cikin gida ke bayarwa a matsayin hanyar shiga kasuwar adana makamashi a Amurka.
Masu haɗa tsarin kasuwancin kayan wutar lantarki suma suna da wasu fa'idodi na musamman. Babban ajiya a matsayin sabon abu na tsarin wutar lantarki, buƙatar ajiyar fasaha da ke da alaƙa da wutar lantarki, da kasuwancin kayan wutar lantarki suna da "kwayar halitta" da ke da alaƙa da wutar lantarki don haka sauyin ba shi da matsala, ana sa ran makomar za ta ragu da sauri, kuma tana da ƙarfin gasa.
Kamfanonin da ke amfani da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki suna da tushen masu amfani saboda State Grid South.
Ganin yadda buƙatar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa ke fara ƙaruwa a shekarar 2022, tayin ajiya da shigarwar makamashi zai ci gaba da sauri, wanda hakan zai inganta tattalin arzikin aikin sosai.
Ana hasashen cewa babban rumbun ajiya na cikin gida zai haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri tare da yanayin samar da sabbin makamashi, a cikin rarraba ajiya da aka tsara + ajiyar ajiya da aka raba, da sauran sabbin hanyoyin jan kaya.
Yayin da farashin manyan kayan ajiya ke ci gaba da raguwa a duk faɗin duniya, ya kamata mu yi tsammanin ganin ƙaruwar buƙata daga ƙasashe kamar Amurka.
