Izinto zokusetshenziswa zisekuqaleni kwe-electro yasekhaya uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimboni zokugcina amandla amakhemikhali, kulandelwe abakhiqizi bezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina.
Ku-eizinhlelo zokugcina imisipha, banguizigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezingxenye: okuyi amabhethri nezinhlelo. Uhlelokufaka phakathi ibhethri, i-BMS, i-PCS, kanye ne-EMS.
Izindleko zebhethri elikhulu lokugcina (iseli + iphakethe + i-BMS) zingu-67%, isitoreji sendawo yokuhlala singu-35% (umshini wokugcina okhanyayo), kanti izingxenye ezingezona eze-photovoltaic zingu-49% wezindleko eziphelele zesistimu yokugcina amandla.
Indawo yokugcina impahla ebanzi Cishe u-10% wezindleko zokugcina zonke zibangelwe yi-PCS, u-23% wesitoreji sendlu yokuhlala (ngemuva kokususa izingxenye ukuze kube ngu-32% wezindleko eziphelele), kanye no-32% enanini lenani eligcinwe endlini.
Ibhethri lesitoreji
Umthamo wohlelo lokugcina amandla usethwa uhlelo lwebhethri, oluyisikhungo sezinzwa zohlelo. Njengoba amabhethri amakhulu okugcina izinto nawo enziwe ngogesi owodwa futhi kungekho isikhala esiningi sokunciphisa izindleko njengoba usayizi ukhuphuka ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, amabhethri avame ukudlala indima enkulu kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okugcina amandla.
Ngo-2021,I-CATL ihole umhlaba ekuthunyelweni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuze kugcinwe amandla ngesabelo esingaba ngu-25%, kulandele i-BYD, i-Samsung SDI yaseNingizimu Korea, kanye ne-LGES yaseNingizimu Korea.
I-CATL Akungabazeki ukuthi ihamba phambili emkhakheni wayo eShayina, nezinkampani ezifana ne-BYD,I-EVEAmandla eLithium, Amandla ePenghui,I-Gotion, I-Pylon Ubuchwepheshe.
Imboni ye-BMS yokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ku-$20 billion ngo-2025 ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekile njengohlelo lokuqapha uhlelo lwebhethri lokugcina amandla.
Izidingo ze-BMS zokugcina amandla ziphakeme kunezo zebhethri lamandla emoto.
Abenzi bezimoto, abenzi bamabhethri, kanye nabakhethekilezAbakhiqizi be-ed BMS bakha ingxenye enkulu yemboni okwamanje. Okwamanje akekho umholi emakethe ye-BMS yokugcina amandla, ngokungafani nemakethe ye-BMS yamabhethri kagesi, eholwa kakhulu yifektri yezimoto yokugcina.
Njengoba isimo samanje semboni maqondana nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, ukungabikho kwezindinganiso zemboni, kanye nesimo esihlukene sendawo yokuncintisana, indlela yemakethe ye-BMS yamabhethri okugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi ifane neyemakethe ye-BMS yamabhethri ombane.
I-PCS, noma Uhlelo Lokuguqula Amandla
Uhlelo lokuguqula nokulawula amandla (i-PCS) luyisici esiyinhloko sesiteshi samandla sokugcina amandla. Lulawula ukushaja nokukhipha ibhethri futhi lwenza ukuguqulwa kwe-AC/DC ukuze kuthunyelwe amandla ngqo emithwalweni ye-AC lapho igridi iphansi.
Isixhumanisi se-PCS sibeka phambili ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezintathu: ikhono lokunciphisa izindleko ngokuphindaphindiwe; amandla omkhiqizo; kanye nekhono lokuqoqa imali nokuvula iziteshi ezintsha.
Abangene sekwephuzile bazokuthola kunzima ukwenza umehluko embonini yokuguqula isitoreji samandla yaseShayina, eseyintsha maqondana nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokukhula kwesikali.
Kunokufana okukhulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaphezulu be-converter emikhakheni yokugcina amandla kanye ne-photovoltaic.
I-EMS
Njengesikhungo semizwa senethiwekhi yokugcina amandla, i-EMS (Uhlelo Lokuphatha Amandla) inesibopho sokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile zokusebenza.
I-EMS ivumela i-ESS ukuthi ihlanganyele ekuxhumaneni "kwesitoreji somthombo-grid-load-storage", ukuhlela isitshalo samandla esibonakalayo, kanye nokuhlela igridi.
Manje sekunamabhizinisi angaba ngu-16 embonini ye-EMS yokugcina amandla yasekhaya, okuhlanganisa ambalwa abhalwe emakethe yamasheya agxile kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-State Grid.
Ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa iPylon Technology, iGuodian Nanrui, iZhongtian Science and Technology, iZhongheng Electric, iXuJi Electric, iPingGao Electric, iSungrow kanye neChangYuan Group.
Amakhono okuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nokuklama isu lokwenza ngcono amandla kuzobaluleka kakhulu ekuncintisaneni okuyinhloko kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-EMS.
Ukuvimbela umlilo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ekugcinweni kwamandla
Ukulawulwa kokushisa kwesitoreji samandla kugxile kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla okukhulu.
Ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu, indawo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinye izici, ukupholisa uketshezi kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise isabelo sayo semakethe sokugcina amandla amakhulu.
Cishe u-3% wezindleko eziphelele zesistimu yokugcina amandla uya ezindleleni zokuphepha emlilweni; leli phesenti cishe lizokhula kanye nemboni yokugcina amandla, futhi inani layo kanye nokukhula komthamo kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule imakethe iyonke. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zamabhizinisi okugcina amandla omlilo zifaka phakathi i-Green Bird Fire, i-National Security, namanye.
Kukhona ubudlelwano bokuncintisana phakathi kwabahlanganisi besitoreji samandla sasekhaya kanye nabahlanganisi baphesheya kwezilwandle. Kodwa-ke, abanye abahlanganisi baphesheya kwezilwandle bathembele ezinsizakalweni ze-OEM ezinikezwa ngabahlanganisi basekhaya njengendlela yokungena emakethe yokugcina amandla yase-US.
Abahlanganisi bezakhiwo zebhizinisi lemishini yamandla nabo banezinzuzo ezithile ezingokwemvelo. Indawo yokugcina izinto enkulu njengengxenye entsha yesistimu yamandla, isidingo samadiphozithi ezobuchwepheshe ahlobene namandla, kanye namabhizinisi emishini yamandla ane-"gene" ehlobene namandla ngakho-ke ushintsho alunazihibe, ikusasa kulindeleke ukuthi lisheshe, futhi libe nokuncintisana okunamandla.
Amabhizinisi asebenzisa imishini yokukhiqiza ugesi anabantu abaningi ngenxa ye-State Grid South.
Njengoba isidingo se-photovoltaic yomhlaba siqala ukukhuphuka ngo-2022, ukubhida nokufakwa kwesitoreji samandla kuzoshesha kancane kancane, kuthuthukise kakhulu umnotho wephrojekthi.
Isitoreji esikhulu sasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi singenise intuthuko esheshayo ehambisana nomkhuba wokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha, ekusatshalalisweni okuphoqelelwe kwesitoreji + isitoreji esabiwe, kanye nezinye izindlela ezintsha zokudonsa.
Njengoba intengo yesitoreji esikhulu iqhubeka nokwehla emhlabeni wonke, kufanele silindele ukubona ukwanda kwesidingo esivela emazweni afana ne-United States.
