Izinto eziluhlaza zisekuqaleni kwe-electro yasekhaya uthotho lobonelelo lweshishini lokugcina amandla eekhemikhali, lulandelwa ngabavelisi bezinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nabahlanganisi beenkqubo, kwaye ekugqibeleni abasebenzisi bokugqibela.
Kwi-eiinkqubo zokugcina i-nergy, naziiindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezinto ezisetyenziswayo: ezizi iibhetri kunye neenkqubo. Inkquboibandakanya ibhetri, i-BMS, i-PCS, kunye ne-EMS.
Ixabiso lebhetri enkulu yokugcina (iseli + iPAKSHI + iBMS) libalelwa kwi-67%, indawo yokugcina izinto yokuhlala ibalwa kwi-35% (umatshini wokugcina izinto okhanyayo), kwaye izinto ezingezizo ze-photovoltaic zibalwa kwi-49% yexabiso lilonke lenkqubo yokugcina amandla.
Indawo yokugcina impahla enkulu Malunga ne-10% yeendleko zokugcina zizonke zibangelwe yi-PCS, i-23% yendawo yokugcina impahla yokuhlala (emva kokususa izinto nge-32% yeendleko zizonke), kunye ne-32% kwixabiso lobungakanani obugcinwe endlwini.
Ibhetri yokugcina
Umthamo wenkqubo yokugcina amandla umiselwa yinkqubo yebhetri, eyiziko lemithambo-luvo yenkqubo. Ekubeni iibhetri ezinkulu zokugcina izinto zenziwe ngumthombo omnye wombane kwaye akukho ndawo ingako yokunciphisa iindleko njengoko ubungakanani bunyuka ngokwembono yetekhnoloji, iibhetri zidla ngokudlala indima enkulu kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amandla ezinkulu.
Ngowama-2021,I-CATL Ikhokele ihlabathi ekuthunyelweni kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina amandla ngesabelo esimalunga ne-25%, ilandelwa yi-BYD, i-Samsung SDI yaseMzantsi Korea, kunye ne-LGES yaseMzantsi Korea.
I-CATL Ngokungathandabuzekiyo iphambili kwicandelo layo eTshayina, kunye neenkampani ezifana neBYD,UVAAmandla eLithium, Amandla ePenghui,IGotion, I-Pylon Ubuchwepheshe.
Ishishini le-BMS lokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuba libe nexabiso eliphantse libe yi-$20 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025 ngenxa yendima yalo ebalulekileyo njengenkqubo yokubeka esweni inkqubo yebhetri yokugcina amandla.
Iimfuneko ze-BMS zokugcina amandla ziphezulu kunezo zebhetri yamandla yemoto.
Abenzi beemoto, abenzi beebhetri, kunye neengcalizAbavelisi be-ed BMS benza uninzi lweshishini okwangoku. Okwangoku akukho nkokheli kwimarike ye-BMS yokugcina amandla, ngokungafaniyo nemarike ye-BMS yebhetri yamandla, ekhokelwa ikakhulu ngumzi-mveliso weemoto wesiphelo.
Ngenxa yemeko yangoku yeshishini ngokubhekiselele ekuvuthweni kobugcisa, ukungabikho kwemigangatho yeshishini, kunye nokwahlukana kwemeko-bume yokhuphiswano, indlela yemarike yeBMS yebhetri yokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuba ifane neyemarike yeBMS yebhetri yamandla.
I-PCS, okanye iNkqubo yoGuqulo lwaMandla
Inkqubo yokuguqula nokulawula umbane (i-PCS) yeyona nto iphambili kwisikhululo samandla sokugcina umbane. Ilawula ukutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri kwaye yenza ukuguqulwa kwe-AC/DC ukuthumela umbane ngqo kwimithwalo ye-AC xa igridi ingasebenzi.
Ikhonkco le-PCS libeka phambili ubuchule kwiindawo ezintathu: amandla okunciphisa iindleko ngokuphindaphindiweyo; amandla ophawu; kunye nokukwazi ukuqokelela imali kunye nokuvula iindlela ezintsha.
Abo bangene emva kwexesha baya kufumana kunzima ukwenza umahluko kwishishini laseTshayina lokuguqula indawo yokugcina amandla, elisesemncinci ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni umgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokukhula kwesikali.
Kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu phakathi kobuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa ngabavelisi abaphambili abaguqula amandla kwicandelo lokugcina amandla kunye ne-photovoltaic.
I-EMS
Njengeziko lemithambo-luvo yenethiwekhi yokugcina amandla, i-EMS (iNkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla) inoxanduva lokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza.
I-EMS ivumela i-ESS ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kunxibelelwano "lokugcina i-source-grid-load-storage", ucwangciso lwe-virtual power plant, kunye nocwangciso lwe-grid.
Ngoku kukho amashishini amalunga ne-16 kushishino lwe-EMS yokugcina amandla asekhaya, kuquka ambalwa adweliswe kwimarike yesitokhwe agxile kakhulu kwinkqubo yeGrid yeSizwe.
Ikakhulu iquka iPylon Technology, iGuodian Nanrui, iZhongtian Science and Technology, iZhongheng Electric, iXuJi Electric, iPingGao Electric, iSungrow kunye neChangYuan Group.
Izakhono zophuhliso lwesoftware kunye noyilo lwesicwangciso sokwenza ngcono amandla ziya kuba zizinto ezibalulekileyo kukhuphiswano oluphambili lwe-EMS kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuthintela umlilo kunye nokulawula ubushushu kwindawo yokugcina amandla
Ulawulo lobushushu bokugcina amandla lugxile kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla amakhulu.
Ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu, imeko yokusebenza enzima, kunye nezinye iimpawu, ukupholisa ulwelo kulindeleke ukuba kwandise isabelo sayo kwimarike yokugcina amandla amakhulu.
Malunga ne-3% yeendleko zizonke zenkqubo yokugcina amandla iya kumanyathelo okhuseleko lomlilo; le pesenti isenokukhula kunye nomzi-mveliso wokugcina amandla, kwaye ixabiso layo kunye nokukhula komthamo kulindeleke ukuba kudlule imarike iyonke. Imizekelo embalwa yamashishini okugcina amandla ibandakanya iGreen Bird Fire, iNational Security, kunye nezinye.
Kukho ubudlelwane obukhuphisanayo phakathi kwabadibanisi bogcino lwamandla basekhaya kunye nabadibanisi baphesheya. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abadibanisi baphesheya baxhomekeke kwiinkonzo ze-OEM ezinikezelwa ngabadibanisi basekhaya njengendlela yokungena kwimarike yokugcina amandla yaseMelika.
Abadibanisi bezakhiwo zeshishini lezixhobo zamandla nabo banezibonelelo ezithile. Indawo yokugcina izinto enkulu njengento entsha yenkqubo yamandla, imfuneko yeediphozithi zobuchwepheshe ezinxulumene namandla, kunye namashishini ezixhobo zamandla ane "gene" enxulumene namandla ngoko ke utshintsho alunamthungo, ikamva kulindeleke ukuba likhawuleze, kwaye libe nokhuphiswano olunamandla.
Amashishini asebenzisa izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane asebenzisa isiseko sabathengi ngenxa yeState Grid South.
Njengoko imfuno ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba iqala ukunyuka ngo-2022, ukubhida kunye nokufakela umbane ogciniweyo kuya kukhawulezisa kancinci, nto leyo eya kuphucula kakhulu uqoqosho lweprojekthi.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba indawo yokugcina izinto ezinkulu zasekhaya iza kuqalisa uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo oluhambelana nomkhwa wokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha, ukusasazwa okumiselweyo kwendawo yokugcina izinto kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto ekwabelwana ngayo, kunye nezinye iindlela ezintsha zokutsala.
Njengoko ixabiso leendawo zokugcina izinto ezinkulu liqhubeka nokuhla kwihlabathi liphela, sifanele silindele ukubona ukunyuka kwemfuno evela kumazwe afana ne-United States.
