Ibikoresho fatizo biri mu ntangiriro y'amashanyarazi yo mu gihugu uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'inganda zibika ingufu za shimi, hagakurikiraho abakora ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'abahuza sisitemu, hanyuma abakoresha bose.
Muri esisitemu zo kubika imyakura, hariibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi by'ibice: ari byo bateri na sisitemu. Sisitemuirimo paki ya bateri, BMS, PCS, na EMS.
Ikiguzi cya bateri nini yo kubikamo (cell + PACK + BMS) cyari 67%, ububiko bw'amazu bwari 35% (imashini yo kubikamo yoroheje), naho ibice bitari fotovoltaic byari 49% by'ikiguzi cyose cya sisitemu yo kubikamo ingufu.
Ububiko bunini Hafi 10% by'amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu kubika ibintu yatewe na PCS, 23% by'amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kubika ibintu mu nzu (nyuma yo gukuramo ibice byabyo ku giciro cya 32% cy'amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe), na 32% by'agaciro k'ingano yabitswe mu nzu.
Bateri yo kubika
Ubushobozi bw'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bugenwa na sisitemu ya bateri, ari nayo ihuriro ry'imitsi y'ubwo buryo. Kubera ko bateri nini zo kubikamo zigizwe n'ingufu imwe y'amashanyarazi kandi nta mwanya munini wo kugabanya ikiguzi ugereranyije n'ingano yiyongera ukurikije ikoranabuhanga, bateri zikunze kugira uruhare runini mu mishinga minini yo kubikamo ingufu.
Mu 2021,CATL yayoboye isi mu kohereza bateri za lithium-ion mu kubika ingufu, ifite igice cya 25%, ikurikirwa na BYD, Samsung SDI yo muri Koreya y'Epfo, na LGES yo muri Koreya y'Epfo.
CATL Nta gushidikanya ko iri ku isonga mu bikorwa byayo mu Bushinwa, hamwe n'ibigo nka BYD,EVEIngufu za Lithium, Ingufu za Penghui,Gotion, Piloni Ikoranabuhanga.
Biteganijwe ko inganda za BMS zibika ingufu zizaba zifite agaciro ka miliyari 20 z'amadolari mu 2025 bitewe n'uruhare rwazo nk'urwego rugenzura uburyo bwo kubika bateri z'ingufu.
Ibisabwa kuri BMS kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kubika ingufu biri hejuru kurusha ibyo bateri y'ingufu y'imodoka ikenera.
Abakora imodoka, abakora bateri, n'abakora ibikoresho byihariyezAbakora BMS bagizwe n'abakora ibikoresho byinshi muri iki gihe. Kuri ubu nta n'umwe mu bayobozi ku isoko rya BMS rishinzwe kubika ingufu, bitandukanye n'isoko rya BMS rikoresha bateri z'amashanyarazi, riyobowe ahanini n'uruganda rw'imodoka.
Bitewe n’uko inganda zihagaze ubu mu bijyanye n’iterambere rya tekiniki, kutagira amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda, ndetse n’imiterere y’irushanwa ritandukanye, inzira y’isoko rya BMS ry’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu byitezwe ko izamera nk’iy’isoko rya BMS ry’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu.
PCS, cyangwa Sisitemu yo Guhindura Ingufu
Sisitemu yo guhindura no kugenzura ingufu (PCS) ni yo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi gikoresha ingufu. Igenzura gusharija no gusohora batiri, kandi ikora ihinduranya rya AC/DC kugira ngo yohereze ingufu mu buryo butaziguye ku mitwaro ya AC iyo grid idafite ingufu.
PCS link ishyira imbere ubuhanga mu bice bitatu: ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibiciro inshuro nyinshi; imbaraga z'ikirango; n'ubushobozi bwo gukusanya imari no gufungura imiyoboro mishya.
Abakiri mu nzira y’ubukererwe bazagorwa no kugira ingaruka ku nganda zihindura ububiko bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa, zikiri ntoya mu bijyanye no kunoza ubuziranenge, kugabanya ikiguzi no kwiyongera kw’ingufu.
Hari isano rikomeye hagati y’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa n’inganda zikora ibikoresho bihindura ingufu mu bijyanye no kubika ingufu n’ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic.
EMS
Nk'ikigo cy'ingenzi cy'umuyoboro w'ingufu, EMS (Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu) ifite inshingano zo gufata ibyemezo by'ingenzi mu mikorere.
EMS yemerera ESS kugira uruhare mu mikoranire ya "source-grid-load-storage", gahunda y'ingufu zikoreshwa kuri interineti, no gutegura gahunda y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.
Ubu hari ibigo bigera kuri 16 mu nganda zishinzwe kubika ingufu mu gihugu, harimo bike biri ku isoko ry’imigabane byibanda cyane cyane kuri sisitemu ya Leta.
Igizwe ahanini na Pylon Technology, Guodian Nanrui, Zhongtian Science and Technology, Zhongheng Electric, XuJi Electric, PingGao Electric, Sungrow na ChangYuan Group.
Ubushobozi mu guteza imbere porogaramu za mudasobwa no gushyiraho ingamba zo kunoza ingufu bizaba ingenzi cyane mu guhangana kw'ingenzi kwa EMS mu gihe kizaza.
Kurinda inkongi no kugenzura ubushyuhe mu kubika ingufu
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ingufu hibandwa cyane cyane ku kubika ingufu ku rwego runini.
Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bunini, imiterere yayo igoye yo gukora, n'ibindi biranga, gukonjesha amazi byitezwe ko byongera umugabane wayo ku isoko ry'ububiko bw'ingufu bunini.
Hafi 3% by'ikiguzi cyose cy'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kijya mu ngamba zo kwirinda inkongi; iri janisha rishobora kwiyongera hamwe n'inganda zibika ingufu, kandi agaciro kabyo n'ubwiyongere bw'ingano biteganijwe ko bizarenga isoko muri rusange. Ingero nke z'ibigo bicuruza umuriro birimo Green Bird Fire, Umutekano w'Igihugu, n'ibindi.
Hari isano iri hagati y’abahuza ububiko bw’ingufu mu gihugu n’abahuza mu mahanga. Ariko, bamwe mu bahuza mu mahanga bishingikiriza kuri serivisi za OEM zitangwa n’abahuza mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kwinjira mu isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu muri Amerika.
Ibikoresho bihuza imiterere y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe. Ububiko bunini nk'ikintu gishya cy’uburyo bw’amashanyarazi, gukenera ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’amashanyarazi, n’ibigo by’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bifite "gene" ijyanye n’amashanyarazi bityo impinduka zikaba nziza, ahazaza hitezwe ko hazagabanuka vuba, kandi hakagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana cyane.
Ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bifite abaguzi benshi babikesha State Grid South.
Kubera ko icyifuzo cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku butaka gitangiye kwiyongera mu 2022, gutanga amasoko yo kubika no gushyiraho ingufu bizagenda byihuta, binoze cyane ubukungu bw’umushinga.
Biteganyijwe ko ububiko bunini bwo mu ngo buzazana iterambere ryihuse hamwe n’icyerekezo cyo kongera ingufu nshya, mu gukwirakwiza itegeko ry’ububiko n’ububiko rusange, hamwe n’ubundi buryo bushya bwo gukurura.
Mu gihe igiciro cy'ububiko bunini gikomeje kugabanuka hirya no hino ku isi, twagombye kwitega kubona umubare munini w'abakenera ibintu mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
