Fasahar adana makamashi tana taimakawa ayyukan photovoltaic (PV) rage rage wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da haɗakar manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na tsarin PV. Daga cikin fasahohin adana makamashi da suka tsufa da kuma waɗanda aka sayar a yanzu, ajiyar makamashin lantarki ya dace da haɗa shi da ayyukan PV saboda fa'idodinsa na rashin shafar yanayin halitta, saurin amsawa, da tsawon lokacin zagayowar.
I. Tsarin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
Samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (photovoltaic), wadda aka fi sani da samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (solar photovoltaic), fasaha ce da ke canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashin lantarki ta amfani da tasirin hasken rana a hanyar sadarwa ta semiconductor. Ya ƙunshi sassa uku: bangarorin hasken rana (PV modules), masu sarrafawa, da kuma inverters.
Ana iya raba tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic zuwa rukuni biyu dangane da tsarin abubuwan da aka haɗa: tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV da aka haɗa da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV da aka rarraba.
Tashoshin Wutar Lantarki na PV da ke Tsakiya: Waɗannan manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki ne da aka gina a wurare masu faɗi kamar hamada, tare da wutar lantarki da aka samar kai tsaye a cikin layin wutar lantarki na jama'a kuma an haɗa su da tsarin watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don samar da kaya masu nisa. Ana samun su a yankuna kamar Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, da Xinjiang.
Tashoshin Wutar Lantarki na PV da aka Rarraba: Ana gina su kuma ana aiki da su a ko kusa da harabar mai amfani, musamman don amfani da kansu tare da duk wani ƙarin wutar lantarki da aka saka a cikin grid. Yawanci suna amfani da rufin gida, tashoshin mota, da sauran wurare da aka warwatse don gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV kuma sun zama ruwan dare a Kudancin da Arewacin China. Ci gaban PV da aka rarraba a baya ya fuskanci ƙalubale saboda an haɗa shi cikin sarrafa sikelin. Duk da haka, ya zama babban batu a masana'antar saboda manufar "gwaji na rarraba dukkan gunduma".
II. Hanyoyin Haɗaka Tsarin Ajiyar Makamashi
Tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV za su iya amfani da hanyoyi biyu na fasaha: haɗin kai na tsakiya tsakanin AC da DC da haɗin kai na rarrabawa tsakanin DC.
Haɗin kai na tsakiya na gefen AC:
A wannan hanyar, fakitin batirin ajiyar makamashi yana tsakiyar tashar wutar lantarki/tashar sauyawa. Ana juya wutar DC kuma ana ƙara ta kafin a haɗa ta da bas ɗin AC na tashar booster, tare da musayar wutar lantarki tsakanin tsarin adana makamashi da tsarin wutar lantarki ana sarrafa su ta hanyar aikawa. Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar saita PCS da yawa (Tsarin Canza Wutar Lantarki) don aiki a layi ɗaya da ƙara na'urorin canza wutar lantarki da na'urorin rarrabawa.
Haɗin kai da aka Rarraba a gefen DC:
Wannan hanyar tana rarraba na'urorin adana makamashi a cikin nau'ikan ƙananan PV, tare da kowace ƙananan tsarurruka sanye take da na'urar ajiyar makamashi ta kanta, galibi ta ƙunshi inverter PV, mai canza wutar lantarki, na'urar DC/DC, da batirin ajiya. A cikin wannan tsarin ajiyar makamashi da aka rarraba, sadarwa tsakanin na'urar DC/DC da inverter PV na iya sassauta fitar da wutar, amma ba zai iya adana wutar da ta wuce gona da iri a gefen AC ba. Don cimma kwararar wutar lantarki ta hanya biyu, ana buƙatar maye gurbin inverter PV mai jagora ɗaya da PCS mai jagora biyu.
Ga tashoshin wutar lantarki na PV da ake da su, hanyar haɗakar da aka rarraba ta gefen DC tana fuskantar ƙalubale saboda ƙarancin sarari don sanya kayan aiki da kuma manyan gyare-gyaren wayoyin lantarki, wanda ke buƙatar dogon katsewar wutar lantarki don sake haɗawa, don haka yana haifar da ƙarin farashi.
Amfani da tsarin adana makamashin lantarki ga ayyukan PV yana tabbatar da ingancin da daidaiton wutar lantarki mai tsabta, yana cika buƙatun ajiyar makamashi da kamfanonin grid ke buƙata. Hakanan yana magance matsalar rage hasken haske da rage ɓarnar albarkatu.
