Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rifasha imishinga ya photovoltaic (PV) kugabanya igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi kandi rigatuma habaho guhuza imiyoboro minini ya PV. Mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rigezweho kandi rikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki birakwiriye guhuzwa n'imishinga ya PV bitewe n'ibyiza byayo byo kudahinduka bitewe n'imiterere karemano, igisubizo cyihuse, no kumara igihe kirekire.
I. Sisitemu ya Fotovoltaic
Ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic, zizwi kandi nka solar photovoltaic power generation, ni ikoranabuhanga rihindura ingufu z'urumuri mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ingaruka z'amashanyarazi ku gice cy'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic. Igizwe ahanini n'ibice bitatu: panels z'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV modules), controllers, na inverters.
Ingufu za PV zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibice bigize amashanyarazi: ingomero z'amashanyarazi za PV zihuriweho n'izo muri PV zikwirakwizwa.
Sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi za PV zikoreshwa mu buryo buhuriweho: Izi ni sitasiyo nini z'amashanyarazi za PV zubatswe mu turere tunini nko mu butayu, amashanyarazi atangwa ashyirwa mu muyoboro rusange kandi agahuzwa na sisitemu yo kohereza ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo itange imizigo iri kure. Zikunze kuboneka mu turere nka Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, na Xinjiang.
Sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi za PV zikwirakwizwa: Izi ziba zubatswe kandi zigakorerwa mu nyubako z'umukoresha cyangwa hafi yazo, cyane cyane kugira ngo zikoreshwe n'amashanyarazi arenze ashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ubusanzwe zikoresha ibisenge, aho imodoka zihagarara, n'ahandi hantu hatatanye mu kubaka sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi za PV kandi ni ibintu bisanzwe mu Majyepfo n'Amajyaruguru y'Ubushinwa. Iterambere rya PV zikwirakwizwa ryari ryahuye n'imbogamizi bitewe no gushyirwa mu micungire y'ibipimo. Ariko, byabaye ingingo ikomeye mu nganda bitewe na politiki y'"igerageza ry'akarere kose".
II. Uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu
Sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi za PV zishobora gukoresha uburyo bubiri bwa tekiniki: guhuza amashanyarazi ku ruhande rumwe rwa AC n'imikoranire ikwirakwizwa ku ruhande rwa DC.
Ihuriro ry’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa AC ku ruhande rumwe:
Muri ubu buryo, bateri yo kubika ingufu ishyirwa hagati muri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi/sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi. Ingufu za DC zirahindurirwa inyuma zikanongerwa imbaraga mbere yo guhuzwa na bisi ya AC ya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, aho ihererekanya ry’amashanyarazi hagati ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi rigenzurwa no kohereza. Ubu buryo busaba gushyiraho PCS nyinshi (Power Conversion Systems) kugira ngo zikore neza kandi hongerwemo transformers n’ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza.
Guhuza Ibikoresho Bitandukanye bya DC:
Ubu buryo bukwirakwiza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu bice bitandukanye bya PV, buri gice gifite igikoresho cyacyo cyo kubika ingufu, ahanini kigizwe na PV inverter, booster transformer, DC / DC module, na bateri yo kubika. Muri ubu buryo bwo kubika ingufu, itumanaho hagati ya DC / DC module na PV inverter rishobora koroshya umusaruro w'amashanyarazi, ariko ntirishobora kubika ingufu zirenze ku ruhande rwa AC. Kugira ngo ingufu zigere ku cyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri, inverter ya PV ikoresha icyerekezo kimwe igomba gusimbuzwa PCS y'icyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri.
Ku bijyanye n’amashanyarazi ya PV asanzweho, uburyo bwo guhuza DC-side buhura n’imbogamizi bitewe n’umwanya muto wo gushyiramo ibikoresho ndetse n’impinduka zikomeye ku nsinga z’amashanyarazi, bigasaba ko umuriro ubura igihe kirekire kugira ngo ushyirwe mu buryo bushya, bityo bigatera ikiguzi kinini.
Gukoresha sisitemu zo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki mu mishinga ya PV bitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi bihuza neza n’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi, bikuzuza ibisabwa n’ibigo bicunga ingufu. Binakemura ikibazo cyo kugabanya urumuri no kugabanya ipfapfa ry’umutungo.
