Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu umathandiza mapulojekiti a photovoltaic (PV) kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma gridi akuluakulu a makina a PV akuphatikizidwa. Pakati pa matekinoloje osungira mphamvu omwe akukula komanso ogulitsidwa, kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikoyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mapulojekiti a PV chifukwa cha ubwino wake wosakhudzidwa ndi nyengo zachilengedwe, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso moyo wautali.
I. Dongosolo la Photovoltaic
Kupanga mphamvu ya Photovoltaic, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga mphamvu ya solar photovoltaic, ndi ukadaulo womwe umasintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photoelectric pa semiconductor interface. Makamaka imakhala ndi magawo atatu: ma solar panels (ma PV modules), owongolera, ndi ma inverter.
Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera kapangidwe ka zigawo: malo opangira magetsi a PV pakati ndi malo opangira magetsi a PV ogawidwa.
Malo Opangira Mphamvu a PV Okhazikika: Awa ndi malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi a PV omangidwa m'malo akuluakulu monga m'zipululu, ndipo magetsi opangidwa amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji mu gridi ya anthu onse ndikulumikizidwa ku makina otumizira magetsi amphamvu kuti apereke katundu wakutali. Amapezeka kwambiri m'madera monga Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, ndi Xinjiang.
Malo Ogawa Mphamvu a PV: Awa amamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo kapena pafupi ndi malo a ogwiritsa ntchito, makamaka kuti azidzigwiritsa ntchito okha ndi magetsi ochulukirapo omwe amaperekedwa mu gridi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madenga, malo oimika magalimoto, ndi madera ena omwazikana kuti amange malo opangira magetsi a PV ndipo amapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa China. Kupanga magetsi a PV omwazikana kale kunakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa chophatikizidwa mu kayendetsedwe ka sikelo. Komabe, idakhala nkhani yotentha mumakampani chifukwa cha mfundo ya "boma lonse logawa magetsi".
II. Njira Zogwirizanitsa Machitidwe Osungira Mphamvu
Malo opangira magetsi a PV amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zaukadaulo: kuphatikiza kwa AC mbali imodzi ndi kuphatikiza kwa DC mbali imodzi.
Kuphatikizana kwapakati pa mbali ya AC:
Munjira imeneyi, batire yosungira mphamvu imayikidwa pakati pa siteshoni yolimbikitsira/malo osinthira magetsi a siteshoni yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya DC imasinthidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa isanalumikizidwe ku basi ya AC ya siteshoni yolimbikitsira, ndipo kusinthana kwa magetsi pakati pa makina osungira mphamvu ndi makina amagetsi kumayendetsedwa ndi dispatch. Njirayi imafuna kukonza ma PCS angapo (Power Conversion Systems) kuti agwire ntchito limodzi ndikuwonjezera ma transformer olimbikitsira ndi zida zogawa.
Kuphatikizika Kogawidwa kwa DC-side:
Njira iyi imagawa mayunitsi osungira mphamvu m'magawo osiyanasiyana a PV, ndipo gawo lililonse lili ndi chipangizo chake chosungira mphamvu, makamaka chomwe chimakhala ndi inverter ya PV, booster transformer, DC/DC module, ndi batire yosungira. Mu njira iyi yosungira mphamvu yogawidwa, kulumikizana pakati pa DC/DC module ndi inverter ya PV kumatha kupangitsa kuti mphamvu ituluke bwino, koma sikungasunge mphamvu yochulukirapo kumbali ya AC. Kuti mphamvu iyende bwino mbali zonse ziwiri, inverter ya PV yolunjika mbali imodzi iyenera kusinthidwa ndi PCS yolunjika mbali zonse ziwiri.
Pa malo opangira magetsi a PV omwe alipo, njira yolumikizirana yogawa magetsi mbali ya DC ikukumana ndi zovuta chifukwa cha malo ochepa oyika zida komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa mawaya amagetsi, zomwe zimafuna kuti magetsi azimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akonzedwenso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi pamapulojekiti a PV kumatsimikizira kuti mphamvu yoyera yamagetsi imagwirizana bwino komanso kuti ikugwirizana ndi gridi, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zofunika pakusungira mphamvu ndi makampani a gridi. Zimathandizanso kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa kuwala komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu.
