Thaum lub ntiaj teb kev thov zog hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv nce thiab kev paub txog ib puag ncig loj hlob tuaj, lub zog hnub ci, uas yog ib qho chaw huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab, tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau ntxiv. Cov tshuab photovoltaic (PV) ntawm lub ru tsev, ib txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev siv lub zog hnub ci, tau raug siv dav hauv ntau lub tebchaws thiab thaj chaw. Tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov tshuab PV ntawm lub ru tsev ua haujlwm, suav nrog lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem hloov pauv photoelectric, thiab cov zis hluav taws xob.
1. Cov Cheebtsam Tseem Ceeb ntawm Lub Rooftop PV System
Lub ru tsev PV system muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci (PV modules), lub inverter, cov kab ke mounting, cov cables, thiab lub thawv faib khoom.
Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hnub Ci: Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev PV system, cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci yog ua los ntawm ntau lub hnub ci cell, feem ntau yog siv silicon. Silicon muaj kev hloov pauv photoelectric zoo heev, tso cai rau lub hnub ci hloov mus ua hluav taws xob. Muaj peb hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thiab amorphous silicon. Cov vaj huam sib luag Monocrystalline muab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tab sis kim dua.
Inverter: Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub inverter yog hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) uas tsim los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC) rau kev siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis kev lag luam. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub inverter cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm lub kaw lus PV, yog li cov yam xws li kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv, lub zog fais fab, thiab kev ntseeg tau yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xaiv lub inverter.
Kev Teeb Tsa: Lub tshuab teeb tsa no siv los teeb tsa thiab ruaj ntseg cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci rau ntawm lub ru tsev, uas tso cai rau kev hloov kho lub kaum sab xis thiab kev taw qhia kom tau txais lub hnub ci ntau tshaj plaws. Cov hom kev teeb tsa suav nrog kev teeb tsa ruaj khov, kev taug qab, thiab kev teeb tsa hloov kho tau, txhua qhov haum rau cov qauv ru tsev sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau.
Cov Cables thiab Lub Thawv Faib Khoom: Cov cables txuas cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, inverter, thiab grid, xa hluav taws xob. Lub thawv faib khoom tiv thaiv lub PV system, tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li overcurrent thiab overvoltage.
2. Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov Pauv Photoelectric hauv Rooftop PV Systems
Cov txheej txheem hloov pauv photoelectric ntawm cov ru tsev PV systems feem ntau yog raws li cov nyhuv photovoltaic hauv physics. Thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, cov photons cuam tshuam nrog cov electrons hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor, tsim hluav taws xob. Nov yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:
Kev Nqus Tau Photon: Cov photons hauv lub hnub ci raug nqus los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor hauv lub vaj huam sib luag hnub ci.
Cov Nyhuv ntawm Photovoltaic: Lub zog los ntawm photons ua rau cov electrons hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor zoo siab, ua rau lawv dhia ntawm valence band mus rau conduction band, tsim cov khub electron-hole. Cov electrons dawb thiab cov qhov uas tshuav tom qab tsim hluav taws xob thaum lawv txav mus los.
Kev Sib Cais Them Nqi thiab Kev Tsim Tam Sim No: Nyob rau hauv lub tshav fais fab sab hauv ntawm lub cell, cov electrons thiab cov qhov uas tau tsim tawm raug sib cais thiab txav mus rau qhov kawg sib txawv, tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm voltage thiab tsim tam sim no.
3. Lub zog tso zis thiab kev siv
Cov hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv DC thiab yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau AC ntawm lub inverter rau kev siv hauv tsev lossis kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab PV tuaj yeem khaws cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau rau hauv cov pob roj teeb rau kev siv tom qab.
Hauv cov tshuab PV faib tawm, cov hluav taws xob tsim tawm feem ntau yog siv los ntawm tus tswv, thaum cov khoom seem tuaj yeem muag rov qab rau lub grid. Tus qauv "kev siv tus kheej nrog cov khoom seem pub rau hauv lub grid" no tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov nqi hluav taws xob xwb tab sis kuj pab txhawb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
4. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev siv ntawm Rooftop PV
Lub ru tsev PV yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob huv si, tsis muaj kuab paug nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Ua ntej, lub zog hnub ci yog ib qho khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, ua kom muaj zog txaus. Qhov thib ob, cov tshuab PV ru tsev sib txuas ua ke nrog cov tsev, ua kom zoo nkauj dua thaum muab ntxoov ntxoo thiab rwb thaiv tsev, yog li ua kom lub tsev xis nyob dua.
Nrog kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis PV thiab txo qis tus nqi, cov tshuab PV ru tsev tau pom kev siv dav dua. Hauv cov lag luam thiab kev lag luam, cov tshuab PV ru tsev muab hluav taws xob huv, tsim nyog tus nqi, txo cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Rau cov tsev nyob, cov tshuab PV ru tsev tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom seem muag rau lub network kom tau nyiaj ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsoomfwv hauv tebchaws thiab hauv zos txhawb nqa kev lag luam PV, siv cov cai los txhawb kev teeb tsa PV.
Xaus lus, cov tshuab PV ru tsev ua haujlwm raws li cov nyhuv photovoltaic, hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci thiab xa mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov inverters. Ua ib qho chaw siv hluav taws xob huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab, PV ru tsev muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev cia siab rau kev siv.
