Sezvo kudiwa kwesimba pasi rose kuri kuramba kuchikwira uye ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza ruchikura, simba rezuva, chiwanikwa chakachena uye chinogona kushandiswazve, riri kutariswa zvakanyanya. Masisitimu e photovoltaic edenga (PV), nzira inoshanda yekushandisa simba rezuva, agara achishandiswa munyika dzakawanda nenzvimbo. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mashandiro anoita masisitimu e PV edenga, kusanganisira zvikamu zvawo zvikuru, maitiro ekushandura photoelectric, uye simba rinobuda.
1. Zvikamu Zvikuru zveSisitimu yePV yeDenga
Sisitimu yePV yedenga ine zvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira ma solar panels (PV modules), inverter, masisitimu ekukwirisa, tambo, uye bhokisi rekugovera.
Mapaneru Ezuva: Sechinhu chikuru che PV system yedenga, mapaneru ezuva anoumbwa nemasero akawanda ezuva, anowanzo shandiswa silicon. Silicon ine simba rakanaka rekushandura chiedza chezuva, zvichiita kuti chiedza chezuva chishandurwe kuita magetsi. Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemapaneru ezuva: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, uye amorphous silicon. Mapaneru emonocrystalline anopa kushanda kwepamusoro asi anodhura zvakanyanya.
Inverter: Basa reinverter nderekushandura direct current (DC) inogadzirwa nema solar panels kuita alternating current (AC) inoshandiswa nemidziyo yemumba kana yemumaindasitiri. Kushanda kweinverter kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda uye kugadzikana kwePV system, saka zvinhu zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura magetsi, simba, uye kuvimbika zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza inverter.
Sisitimu Yokugadzika: Sisitimu iyi inoshandiswa kuisa nekuchengetedza ma solar panels padenga, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kwekona uye kurongeka kuti pave nechiedza chezuva chakanyanya. Mhando dzemasisitimu ekugadzika dzinosanganisira zvigadziko zvakagadzika, zvekutevera, uye zvinogadziriswa, chimwe nechimwe chakakodzera zvivakwa zvakasiyana zvedenga nezvinodiwa.
Matambo neBhokisi Rekugovera: Matambo anobatanidza ma solar panels, inverter, negrid, simba rekutumira. Bhokisi rekugovera rinodzivirira sisitimu yePV, richidzivirira matambudziko akadai se overcurrent uye overvoltage.
2. Maitiro ekushandura Photoelectric muPadenga rePV Systems
Maitiro ekushandura magetsi ekugadzira magetsi padenga remba anonyanya kuenderana nemhedzisiro yemagetsi ezuva mufizikisi. Kana chiedza chezuva charova pamapaneru ezuva, maphoton anosangana nemaerekitironi ari muchikamu chemagetsi, zvichigadzira magetsi. Heino mashandiro azvo:
Kunyudzwa kweFoton: MaFoton ari muzuva anonyudzwa nezvinhu zve semiconductor zviri mu solar panel.
Mhedzisiro yePhotovoltaic: Simba rinobva kumaphoton rinokurudzira maerekitironi ari muchikamu che semiconductor, zvichiita kuti asvetuke kubva mubhandi re valence kuenda kubhandi re conduction, zvichigadzira maerekitironi nemaburi maviri. Maerekitironi akasununguka nemaburi anosara anogadzira magetsi paanofamba.
Kupatsanurwa Kwechaji uye Kugadzirwa Kwemazuva Ano: Pasi pesimba remagetsi remukati mesero, maerekitironi nemaburi anogadzirwa zvinoparadzaniswa uye zvinofamba zvichienda kumagumo akasiyana, zvichigadzira musiyano wemagetsi uye zvichigadzira magetsi.
3. Kubuda Kwesimba uye Mashandisirwo
Magetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva anowanzova muchimiro cheDC uye anofanira kushandurwa kuita AC kuburikidza ne inverter yekushandisa pamba kana mumaindasitiri. Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu ePV anogona kuchengetedza magetsi akawandisa mumabheteri kuti azoshandiswa gare gare.
Muma PV system akaparadzirwa, magetsi anogadzirwa anonyanya kushandiswa nemuridzi, nepo chero akawandisa anogona kutengeswa ku grid. Iyi modhi ye "kuzvishandisa wega nehuwandu hunoiswa mu grid" haingoderedzi chete mitengo yemagetsi asiwo inobatsira pakuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
4. Zvakanakira uye Mashandisirwo ePV yedenga
Denga rePV isimba rakachena, risina kusvibiswa rine zvakanakira zvikuru. Chekutanga, simba rezuva chinhu chinogona kushandiswazve, zvichiita kuti simba riwanikwe nguva dzose. Chechipiri, masisitimu ePV epadenga anobatanidzwa zvakanaka nezvivakwa, zvichivandudza runako ukuwo zvichipa mumvuri uye kudzivirira kupisa, nokudaro zvichivandudza kugadzikana kwechivako.
Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwePV uye mitengo yakaderera, masisitimu ePV epadenga ari kuona kushandiswa kwakakura. Mumaindasitiri nemaindasitiri, masisitimu ePV epadenga anopa simba rakachena uye risingadhuri, anoderedza mitengo yesimba uye ari kuvandudza mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kune dzimba dzekugara, masisitimu ePV epadenga anogona kupa simba remhuri, nechero mari yasara inotengeswa kugrid kuti iwane mari yekuwedzera. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende dzenyika nedzemunharaunda dzinotsigira zvakanyanya indasitiri yePV, dzichiisa mitemo yekukurudzira kuiswa kwePV.
Mukupedzisa, masisitimu ePV epadenga anoshanda zvichibva pamhedzisiro ye photovoltaic, achishandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi kuburikidza nema solar panels uye achichipa kumidziyo yemagetsi kuburikidza nema inverters. Sesimba rakachena, rinogona kuvandudzwa, PV yepadenga ine mabhenefiti akakosha uye mikana yekushandiswa inovimbisa.
