Cov thev naus laus zis photovoltaic (PV), uas siv lub zog hnub ci los tsim hluav taws xob, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev daws qhov kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau lub zog huv. Ntawm ntau yam thev naus laus zis PV, crystalline silicon sawv tawm ua qhov paub tab tshaj plaws thiab tau txais kev siv dav tshaj plaws. Tsab xov xwm no delves rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, thiab kev siv cov thev naus laus zis crystalline silicon PV.
Lub Hauv Paus thiab Kev Loj Hlob Thaum Ntxov ntawm Crystalline Silicon PV Technology
Cov thev naus laus zis Crystalline silicon PV tau pib muaj keeb kwm los txog rau xyoo 1950, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Bell Laboratories tau tsim thawj lub roj teeb hnub ci uas siv silicon nrog kev hloov pauv tau zoo ntawm 6%. Txawm hais tias nws daim ntawv thov thawj zaug tsuas yog txwv rau cov chaw siv thev naus laus zis siab xws li kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw vim yog tus nqi siab, qhov kev vam meej no tau cim qhov yug ntawm cov thev naus laus zis PV.
Kev Txhim Kho Txog Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Lag Luam
1. Kev tshwm sim tshiab hauv xyoo 1970
Xyoo 1970 tau pom tias muaj kev thov kom muaj zog huv ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab crystalline silicon PV. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, ua kom cov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv mus txog 10% -15% thiab teeb tsa lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom loj.
2. Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1980s
Xyoo 1980s tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev lag luam PV, tsav los ntawm tsoomfwv cov nyiaj pab rau lub zog rov ua dua tshiab. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo dua thiab kev lag luam ntawm qhov ntsuas tau txo cov nqi, ua rau kev siv dav dua hauv cov chaw nyob thiab kev lag luam.
3. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo hauv xyoo 1990
Thaum xyoo 1990, kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tau thawb kev hloov pauv mus rau 15% -18%. Cov tuam txhab zoo li Sharp thiab Suntech tau qhia txog cov khoom lag luam ua haujlwm tau zoo, ua kom kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb loj hlob sai.
4. Kev nthuav dav sai hauv xyoo 2000s
Xyoo 2000s tau pom kev loj hlob tsis tau muaj dua hauv kev lag luam PV, nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis crystalline silicon tswj hwm kev ua lag luam. Los ntawm xyoo 2008, cov tshuab PV tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub ntiaj teb lub zog, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev ruaj khov.
Cov Qauv Tam Sim No thiab Cov Lus Qhia Yav Tom Ntej
1. Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab Zoo
Cov thev naus laus zis Crystalline silicon tam sim no suav nrog cov monocrystalline thiab polycrystalline modules. Cov monocrystalline modules, nyiam rau lawv qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo dua (20% -22%) thiab kev siv qhov chaw zoo dua, tab tom nce siab, thaum cov polycrystalline modules tseem yog cov kev xaiv pheej yig (15% -18%). Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li PERC (Passivated Emitter thiab Rear Cell) cog lus tias yuav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
2. Cov Modules Bifacial
Cov thev naus laus zis ob sab tso cai rau cov modules kom nqus tau lub hnub ci ntawm ob sab, ua rau lub zog tsim tau 20% -30%, nyob ntawm seb muaj xwm txheej dab tsi. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam siab thiab tab tom nthuav dav nws cov xwm txheej siv.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Ntse thiab Tsis Siv Neeg
Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov kab tsim khoom ntse thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm tau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Kev siv IoT thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov kab ke PV, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab txo cov nqi kho.
Cov Kev Siv Ua Haujlwm ntawm Crystalline Silicon PV Technology
1. Cov Tshuab Hnub Ci Rau Tsev Neeg
Cov crystalline silicon PV modules siv dav hauv cov chaw nyob, qhov twg kev teeb tsa ru tsev txo cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab txhawb kev nyob ruaj khov. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, lub sijhawm them rov qab ntawm kev nqis peev feem ntau yog li ntawm 5 txog 10 xyoo.
2. Kev Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam Thiab Kev Lag Luam
Cov chaw ua lag luam thiab cov tsev lag luam siv cov tshuab PV ntau zuj zus rau ntawm cov ru tsev thiab cov chaw nres tsheb. Cov tshuab no muab hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tso cai rau lub zog seem muag rov qab rau lub network, tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.
3. Agrivoltaics
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab PV thev naus laus zis (piv txwv li, "kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub hnub ci thiab kev ua liaj ua teb") muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig: kev tsim hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev txhim kho av. Kev teeb tsa PV modules saum toj no thaj av ua liaj ua teb ua rau muaj hluav taws xob yam tsis cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo.
4. Kev daws teeb meem Off-Grid thiab Microgrid
Hauv cov chaw nyob deb lossis tsis muaj hluav taws xob, cov tshuab crystalline silicon PV uas sib xyaw nrog kev khaws cia hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha rau cov tsev neeg thiab cov lag luam me, txhim kho lub neej zoo thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.
Xaus lus
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis crystalline silicon PV qhia txog nws txoj kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev sim tshiab mus rau kev siv dav dav. Kev nce qib tas mus li thiab kev thov ntawm kev lag luam loj hlob ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov thev naus laus zis no tseem nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev lag luam PV. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab, cov thev naus laus zis crystalline silicon PV tsis yog tsuas yog pab txhawb kev hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem zog ruaj khov xwb tab sis kuj txhawb nqa kev siv zog thoob ntiaj teb rau yav tom ntej huv dua thiab ruaj khov dua. Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab tas mus li thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov, yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam PV yog qhov ci ntsa iab.
