Itekhnoloji ye-Photovoltaic (PV), esebenzisa amandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujongeni imfuno yehlabathi yamandla acocekileyo. Phakathi kwetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ze-PV, i-crystalline silicon ivelele njengeyona ivuthiweyo neyamkelweyo ngokubanzi. Eli nqaku ligxila kuhambo lophuhliso, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwetekhnoloji ye-crystalline silicon PV.
Imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso lwasekuqaleni lweTekhnoloji yeCrystalline Silicon PV
Iteknoloji ye-crystalline silicon PV isukela kwiminyaka yoo-1950, xa izazinzulu zaseBell Laboratories zayiphuhlisa ngempumelelo iseli yokuqala yelanga esekelwe kwi-silicon enokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula i-6%. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kokuqala kwakulinganiselwe kwiindawo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana nokuhlola isithuba ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, eli nqanaba liphawule ukuzalwa kwetekhnoloji ye-PV.
Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye noRhwebo
1. Ukuphumelela kwiminyaka yoo-1970
Kwiminyaka yoo-1970 kwabakho ukwanda kwemfuno yamandla acocekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela uphuhliso olukhulu kwiteknoloji ye-crystalline silicon PV. Abaphandi baphucule iinkqubo zokuvelisa, bandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa ukuya kwi-10%-15% kwaye babeka isiseko semveliso enkulu.
2. Ukuvela kweMarike ngeminyaka yoo-1980
Iminyaka yoo-1980 yaphawula ukuqala korhwebo lwe-PV kwimarike, oluqhutywa zizikhuthazo zikarhulumente zamandla avuselelekayo. Iindlela zokuvelisa eziphuculweyo kunye noqoqosho oluphezulu lwanciphisa iindleko, nto leyo eyavumela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala nezoshishino.
3. Uphuculo Lokusebenza Kakuhle Kwiminyaka yoo-1990
Ngexesha leminyaka yoo-1990, ukuphuculwa kweteknoloji kwanyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwemveliso ukuya kwi-15%-18%. Iinkampani ezifana neSharp kunye neSuntech zazisa iimveliso ezisebenza kakuhle, nto leyo eyakhawulezisa ukukhula kwemarike yehlabathi.
4. Ukwanda Okukhawulezileyo Kwiminyaka yoo-2000
Kwiminyaka yoo-2000 kwabonakala ukukhula okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwishishini le-PV, apho iteknoloji ye-crystalline silicon yayilawula imarike. Ngowama-2008, iinkqubo ze-PV zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumhlaba wamandla wehlabathi, zixhaswa kukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqina.
Iindlela Zangoku Nezikhokelo Zexesha Elizayo
1. Izinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo kakhulu
Itekhnoloji ye-silicon yekristale ngoku ibandakanya iimodyuli ze-monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline. Iimodyuli ze-monocrystalline, ezithandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu (20%-22%) kunye nokusetyenziswa okungcono kwendawo, ziyafumana ukutsala, ngelixa iimodyuli ze-polycrystalline zihlala zikhetho ezingabizi kakhulu (15%-18%). Iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezifana ne-PERC (Passivated Emitter kunye neRear Cell) zithembisa ukuphumelela ngakumbi kokusebenza.
2. Iimodyuli zeBifacial
Itekhnoloji ye-bifacial ivumela iimodyuli ukuba zifunxe ukukhanya kwelanga kumacala omabini, nto leyo enyusa ukuveliswa kwamandla nge-20%-30%, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokufakelwa. Le ntsha isebenza ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kwaye yandisa iimeko zayo zokusetyenziswa.
3. Iinkqubo ezikrelekrele nezizenzekelayo
Ukudityaniswa kwemigca yemveliso ekrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zolawulo kuye kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-IoT kunye ne-big data kwenza kube lula ukujonga nokuphucula iinkqubo ze-PV ngexesha langempela, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngcono kunye neendleko zokulungisa eziphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa Okusebenzayo kweTekhnoloji yeCrystalline Silicon PV
1. Iinkqubo zeLanga zokuhlala
Iimodyuli ze-crystalline silicon PV zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala, apho ukufakelwa kophahla kunciphisa iindleko zombane kwaye kukhuthaza ubomi obuzinzileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, amaxesha okuhlawula utyalo-mali adla ngokuba yiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye norhwebo
Izakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo ziya kusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-PV eziphahleni nakwiindawo zokupaka. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngombane ozivelela ngokwazo kwaye zivumela amandla angaphezulu ukuba athengiswe kwakhona kwigridi, nto leyo edala iingenelo zoqoqosho.
3. Ii-Agrivoltaics
Ukudibanisa ezolimo kunye netekhnoloji ye-PV (umz., "ukudibana kwezolimo ngelanga") kunika iingenelo ezimbini: ukuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuphuculwa komhlaba. Ukufaka iimodyuli ze-PV ngaphezulu komhlaba wezolimo kuvumela imveliso yamandla ngaphandle kokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo.
4. Izisombululo ze-Off-Grid kunye ne-Microgrid
Kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezingaphandle kwegridi, iinkqubo ze-crystalline silicon PV ezidityaniswe nokugcinwa kwamandla zibonelela ngombane othembekileyo kumakhaya nakumashishini amancinci, ziphucula umgangatho wobomi kwaye zikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Isiphelo
Uphuhliso lweteknoloji ye-crystalline silicon PV lugxininisa utshintsho lwayo ukusuka ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha ezivavanyiweyo ukuya ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi. Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhula kwemfuno yemarike kuqinisekisa ukuba le teknoloji ihlala iphambili kushishino lwe-PV. Njengesiseko samandla avuselelekayo, iteknoloji ye-crystalline silicon PV ayincedisi nje kuphela ukutshintshela kwiinkqubo zamandla ezizinzileyo kodwa ikwaxhasa imizamo yehlabathi ukuya kwikamva elicocekileyo nelizinzileyo. Ngobuchule obuqhubekayo kunye nezicelo ezikhulayo, ikamva leshishini le-PV ngokungathandabuzekiyo liqaqambile.
