Ikoranabuhanga rya photovoltaic (PV), rikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gutanga amashanyarazi, rifite uruhare runini mu gukemura ikibazo cy’ingufu zisukuye ku isi. Mu ikoranabuhanga rya PV ritandukanye, silikoni ikoze mu cyuma gishyuha igaragara nk'iyakuze cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma urugendo rw'iterambere, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, n'ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika ry'ikoranabuhanga rya silikoni ikoze mu cyuma gishyuha.
Inkomoko n'iterambere rya mbere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Crystalline Silicon PV
Ikoranabuhanga rya silicon PV rya crystalline ryatangiye kuva mu myaka ya 1950, ubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bo muri Bell Laboratories bashoboye gukora neza ingirabuzimafatizo ya mbere y’izuba ishingiye kuri silicon ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere ya 6%. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo ryabanje gukoreshwa mu bice by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gushakisha mu isanzure kubera ibiciro biri hejuru, iki gikorwa cyabaye ivuka ry’ikoranabuhanga rya PV.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ubucuruzi
1. Iterambere ryabayeho mu myaka ya za 1970
Mu myaka ya 1970 habayeho ukwiyongera k’ubwiyongere bw’ingufu zisukuye, bituma habaho iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rya silicon PV. Abashakashatsi banonosoye inzira zo gukora, bongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa kugeza kuri 10%-15% kandi bashyiraho urufatiro rw’umusaruro mwinshi.
2. Izamuka ry'Isoko mu myaka ya za 1980
Mu myaka ya 1980, habaye intangiriro y’ubucuruzi bw’ingufu za PV, bushingiye ku nkunga za leta ku ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Hakozwe uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro, bituma habaho ikoreshwa ryagutse mu miturire no mu nganda.
3. Iterambere ry'imikorere mu myaka ya za 1990
Mu myaka ya 1990, kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga byatumye umusaruro w’impinduka ugera kuri 15%-18%. Ibigo nka Sharp na Suntech byatangije ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, byihutisha iterambere ry’isoko ku isi.
4. Kwaguka byihuse mu myaka ya za 2000
Mu myaka ya 2000 habayeho iterambere ridasanzwe mu nganda za PV, aho ikoranabuhanga rya silicon rya crystalline ryari riri ku isoko. Mu 2008, sisitemu za PV zabaye ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ingufu ku isi, zishyigikiwe n'iterambere mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho, imikorere myiza, no kuramba.
Ibyerekezo bigezweho n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
1. Udushya dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho
Ikoranabuhanga rya silikoni rya kristalo ubu ririmo modules za monocrystalline na polycrystalline. Modules za monocrystalline, zikundwa kubera imikorere yazo myiza (20%-22%) no gukoresha umwanya neza, ziri kugenda zirushaho gukomera, mu gihe modules za polycrystalline zikomeje kuba amahitamo meza ku giciro gito (15%-18%). Ikoranabuhanga riri kuzamuka nka PERC (Passivated Emitter na Rear Cell) risezeranya ko imikorere yazo izarushaho kuba myiza.
2. Modules zo mu maso habiri
Ikoranabuhanga rya "bifacial" rituma modules zishobora kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba ku mpande zombi, bigatuma ingufu ziboneka ku kigero cya 20%-30% bitewe n'imiterere y'aho zishyirwa. Iri shyashya rigira akamaro cyane cyane mu bice bifite urumuri rwinshi kandi ririmo kwagura uburyo bwo kurikoresha.
3. Sisitemu z'ubwenge kandi zikora ku buryo bwikora
Guhuza imirongo y’imikorere igezweho n’uburyo bwo gucunga byazamuye imikorere myiza mu nganda. Gukoresha IoT na big data bituma habaho igenzura n’ivugurura ry’uburyo bwa PV mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.
Imikoreshereze Ifatika y'Ikoranabuhanga rya Crystalline Silicon PV
1. Sisitemu z'izuba zo mu mazu
Module za silicon PV zikoreshwa cyane mu miturire, aho gushyiraho ibisenge bigabanya amafaranga y'amashanyarazi kandi bigateza imbere imibereho irambye. Bitewe n'aho biherereye, igihe cyo kwishyura ishoramari gikunze kuba hagati y'imyaka 5 na 10.
2. Imikoreshereze y'inganda n'ubucuruzi
Inganda n'inyubako z'ubucuruzi birushaho gukoresha sisitemu za PV ku bisenge no ku nyubako zo guparika. Izi sisitemu zitanga amashanyarazi yikorera kandi zigatuma ingufu zirenze zigurishwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatanga inyungu mu bukungu.
3. Ubuhinzi bw'amavolite
Guhuza ubuhinzi n'ikoranabuhanga rya PV (urugero, "guhuza ubuhinzi n'izuba") bitanga inyungu ebyiri: gutanga ingufu zisubira no kunoza ubutaka. Gushyira module za PV hejuru y'ubutaka bituma habaho umusaruro w'ingufu bitabangamiye iterambere ry'ibihingwa.
4. Ibisubizo bitarimo ikoranabuhanga rya internet na microgrid
Mu turere twa kure cyangwa tutari mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, sisitemu za PV za silikoni zikozwe muri kristalo zihujwe no kubika ingufu zitanga amashanyarazi yizewe ku ngo no ku bigo bito, bikanoza ubuzima kandi bigateza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Umwanzuro
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya silicon PV rigaragaza impinduka zaryo kuva ku guhanga udushya mu bushakashatsi kugera ku gukoreshwa mu buryo bukwirakwira. Iterambere rihoraho n'ubwiyongere bw'igikenewe ku isoko byemeza ko iri koranabuhanga rikomeza kuba ku isonga mu nganda za PV. Nk'inkingi y'ingufu zisubira, ikoranabuhanga rya silicon PV rituma habaho impinduka mu buryo burambye, ariko rinashyigikira imbaraga mpuzamahanga zigana ahazaza heza kandi harambye. Hamwe n'udushya dukomeje no kwaguka kw'ikoreshwa, ahazaza h'inganda za PV nta gushidikanya ko ari heza.
