Ubuchwepheshe be-Photovoltaic (PV), obusebenzisa amandla elanga ekukhiqizeni ugesi, budlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nesidingo somhlaba wonke samandla ahlanzekile. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-PV, i-silicon ekristalu ivelele njengevuthiwe kakhulu futhi eyamukelwa kabanzi. Lesi sihloko sigxila ohambweni lokuthuthukiswa, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe be-PV be-silicon ekristalu.
Imvelaphi kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwasekuqaleni Kobuchwepheshe Be-Crystalline Silicon PV
Ubuchwepheshe be-crystalline silicon PV buqala kusukela ngawo-1950, lapho ososayensi baseBell Laboratories bathuthukisa ngempumelelo iseli lokuqala lelanga elisekelwe ku-silicon elinokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okungu-6%. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwalo kokuqala kwakukhawulelwe ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengokuhlola isikhala ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, lesi sigameko saphawula ukuzalwa kobuchwepheshe be-PV.
Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuhweba
1. Ukuphumelela ngawo-1970
Iminyaka yawo-1970 yabona ukwanda kwesidingo samandla ahlanzekile, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kobuchwepheshe be-crystalline silicon PV. Abacwaningi bathuthukise izinqubo zokukhiqiza, bandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwaba yi-10%-15% futhi babeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
2. Ukuvela Kwemakethe Ngawo-1980
Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawula ukuqala kokuthengiswa kwemakethe ye-PV, okuqhutshwa yizikhuthazo zikahulumeni zamandla avuselelekayo. Amasu okukhiqiza athuthukisiwe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, okwenza kube lula ukwamukelwa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala nezimboni.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kahle Ngawo-1990
Phakathi neminyaka yama-1990, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kwaqhubekisela phambili ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwafinyelela ku-15%-18%. Izinkampani ezifana neSharp neSuntech zethula imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu, okwasheshisa ukukhula kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke.
4. Ukwanda Okusheshayo Ngawo-2000
Iminyaka yawo-2000 yabona ukukhula okungakaze kubonwe embonini ye-PV, lapho ubuchwepheshe be-silicon obucwebezelayo bubusa imakethe. Ngo-2008, izinhlelo ze-PV zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yomhlaba wonke wamandla, zisekelwa yintuthuko kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqina.
Amathrendi Amanje Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo
1. Izinto Ezintsha Ezisebenza Kakhulu
Ubuchwepheshe be-silicon obuyikristali manje buhlanganisa amamojula e-monocrystalline kanye ne-polycrystalline. Amamojula e-monocrystalline, athandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo kahle okuphezulu (20%-22%) kanye nokusetshenziswa okungcono kwesikhala, ayathola ukudonswa, kuyilapho amamojula e-polycrystalline esalokhu eyindlela engabizi kakhulu (15%-18%). Ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-PERC (Passivated Emitter kanye ne-Rear Cell) buthembisa izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokusebenza kahle.
2. Amamojula Amabili
Ubuchwepheshe be-bifacial buvumela amamojula ukuthi amunce ukukhanya kwelanga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngo-20%-30%, kuye ngezimo zokufakwa. Lokhu kusungulwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphezulu futhi kwandisa izimo zokusetshenziswa kwayo.
3. Izinhlelo Ezihlakaniphile Nezenzakalelayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-IoT kanye ne-big data kwenza kube nokuqapha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo ze-PV ngesikhathi sangempela, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi.
Ukusetshenziswa Okusebenzayo Kobuchwepheshe beCrystalline Silicon PV
1. Izinhlelo Zelanga Zezindlu Zokuhlala
Amamojula e-crystalline silicon PV asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho ukufakwa kophahla kunciphisa khona izikweletu zikagesi futhi kukhuthaze impilo eqhubekayo. Kuye ngendawo, izikhathi zokukhokha utshalomali ngokuvamile zisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kweyishumi.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni Nezentengiselwano
Izakhiwo zezimboni kanye nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa izinhlelo ze-PV ophahleni nasezindaweni zokupaka. Lezi zinhlelo zihlinzeka ngogesi okhiqizwayo futhi zivumela amandla asele ukuthi athengiswe kugridi, okudala izinzuzo zomnotho.
3. Ama-Agrivoltaic
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezolimo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-PV (isb., “ukubambisana kwezolimo ngelanga”) kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbili: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi. Ukufaka amamojula e-PV ngaphezu kwepulazi kwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
4. Izixazululo Ezingekho Kugridi kanye Nezincane
Ezindaweni ezikude noma ezingaphandle kwegridi, izinhlelo ze-crystalline silicon PV ezihlanganiswe nokugcina amandla zihlinzeka ngogesi othembekile emindenini kanye namabhizinisi amancane, zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi zikhuthaza intuthuko esimeme.
Isiphetho
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe be-crystalline silicon PV kugqamisa ukuguqulwa kwabo kusuka ekusungulweni okusha okuvivinywayo kuya ekwamukelweni kabanzi. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nesidingo semakethe esikhulayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buhlala buhamba phambili embonini ye-PV. Njengesisekelo samandla avuselelekayo, ubuchwepheshe be-crystalline silicon PV abugcini nje ngokusiza ukushintshela ezinhlelweni zamandla eziqhubekayo kodwa futhi busekela imizamo yomhlaba wonke eya ekusaseni elihlanzekile nelizinzile. Ngokusungulwa okuqhubekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhulayo, ikusasa lomkhakha we-PV ngokungangabazeki liqhakazile.
