Maselo a dzuwa ndi zipangizo zopanda makina zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma semiconductors kuti asinthe kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi mwachindunji kudzera mu mphamvu ya photovoltaic. Mwachidziwitso, anthu angaganize kuti maselo a dzuwa amakula bwino akamadutsa padzuwa lamphamvu, koma kodi ndi zoonadi?
Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo njira zitatu zazikulu zosinthira mphamvuyi ndi izi: kusintha kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa, kusintha kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya photochemical. Kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic (PV), yomwe imasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi, ndi imodzi mwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito bwino kwambiri mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa inayamba kuonekera mu 1839 ndi wasayansi wa ku France, Edmond Becquerel, ndipo imatanthauza kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi pamene kuwala kukugunda semiconductor. Pambuyo pake, Einstein anafotokoza mphamvu imeneyi pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha quantum of light, chomwe chinamupatsa mphoto ya Nobel Prize mu Physics mu 1921.
Mosiyana ndi mphamvu ya photoelectric, yomwe imachitika kuwala kukagunda kondakitala imodzi, mphamvu ya photovoltaic imachitika pamalire pakati pa mbale ziwiri za semiconductor. Mukalumikizidwa ndi waya, malire awa amapanga mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi iyende.
Ndiye, kodi maselo a dzuwa amasandutsa bwanji kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi? Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mtundu waukulu wa kuwala kwa maginito. Kukagunda selo la dzuwa, kuwalako kumatha kuonekera, kuyamwa, kapena kudutsa. Kuwala komwe kumayamwa kokha ndi komwe kumasandulika mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kwa ma semiconductors okhala ndi silicon, mphamvu ya ma electron volts (eV) okwana 1.11 imafunika kuti elekitironi ituluke mu atomu yake. Ma photon okha omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoposa iyi ndi omwe angapange magetsi. Komabe, mphamvu yochulukirapo kuchokera ku ma photon amphamvu kwambiri imatayika ngati kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti solar panel itenthe, zomwe zimatha kukweza kutentha kwake pamwamba pa mpweya wozungulira.
Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, maselo a dzuwa ochokera ku silicon amakonda malo ozizira, ngakhale kuti amafunikirabe kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pamene kutentha kukukwera, mapanelo a dzuwa amapanga mphamvu zochepa, ngakhale kuti amalandira kuwala kwa dzuwa komweko.
Kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi yotseguka (magetsi omwe amayenda popanda mphamvu), ngakhale mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa (magetsi omwe amayenda pamene selo ili ndi mphamvu yochepa) imakhalabe yokhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kwakukulu kumabweretsa mphamvu yochepa komanso mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yochepa.
Maselo a dzuwa nthawi zambiri amayesedwa pa kutentha koyenera kwa 25°C (77°F). Kutentha kwa gululo kukafika pa 60°C (140°F) kapena kupitirira apo, mphamvu yake imachepa kwambiri. Pakukwera kulikonse kwa kutentha, mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa imawonjezeka ndi 0.04% yokha, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi yotseguka imachepa ndi 0.4%.
Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya dzuwa imachepa nthawi yachilimwe, kuchuluka kwa dzuwa m'nyengo ino kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi nyengo zina.
Momwe Mungaziziritsire Ma Solar Panels
Monga zipangizo zina zamagetsi, ma solar panels amagwira ntchito bwino kutentha kozizira. Popeza amadalira kuwala kwa dzuwa osati kutentha kuti apeze mphamvu, amagwira ntchito bwino m'malo owala koma ozizira.
Kuti tiziziritse ma solar panels nthawi yachilimwe, kodi tiyenera kuika mthunzi? Inde ayi! Kutseka kuwala kwa dzuwa kungalepheretse cholinga cha solar panel. Nanga bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito sunscreen? Ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zakuthupi kungachepetse kuyamwa kwa kuwala, ndipo njira zamankhwala sizingathandize kuchepetsa kutentha.
Pa ma solar panels a padenga, mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe ndi njira yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo yoziziritsira. Kuyika ma solar panels okhala ndi mpata pakati pawo ndi denga kumalola mpweya kuyenda ndikuziziritsa ma solar panels. Komabe, ndikofunikira kusunga masamba ndi zinyalala pamalo otseguka kuti mpweya upitirire kuyenda bwino komanso kupewa kutentha kwambiri.
Ofufuza aphunziranso njira zosiyanasiyana zoziziritsira kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya mapanelo a dzuwa. Kuwonjezera pa mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe, kuzizira kwa mpweya wokakamizidwa ndi kuzizira kwa dzuwa (PVT) kwafufuzidwa, zomwe zapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mapanelo ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsa.
Pamene maselo a dzuwa, omwe ndi nthumwi za mphamvu zoyera, akupitirizabe kugwirizana ndi miyoyo yathu, amabweretsa mafunde atsopano a mayankho ochepetsa mpweya woipa komanso osawononga chilengedwe.
