Makampani opanga magetsi a photovoltaic (PV) awona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, ndi ukadaulo wofunikira wambiri womwe wasintha mawonekedwe a mphamvu ya dzuwa. Zatsopanozi zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukulitsa kusinthasintha kwa ma module a dzuwa. Nayi njira zamakono zomwe zikuyendetsa makampaniwa patsogolo:
Chinthu chimodzi chachikulu chomwe chachitika ndi ukadaulo wodula waya wa diamondi, womwe umachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wodula silicon yopangidwa ndi kristalo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya okhala ndi diamondi podula mwachangu, njira iyi imagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kudula kwachikhalidwe kwa slurry pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama. Silikoni ya monocrystalline yasintha kale kukhala kudula waya wa diamondi, pomwe silicon ya multicrystalline ikutsatira mwachangu, zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwa kupanga silicon wafer.
Ukadaulo wa PERC (Passivated Emitter ndi Rear Cell) wakhalanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa maselo a PV ogwira ntchito bwino. Mosiyana ndi maselo wamba, PERC imagwiritsa ntchito malo akumbuyo osagwira ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyanjananso kwa ma elekitironi ndikuwongolera kuwala. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a maselo. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, mphamvu yopanga PERC padziko lonse lapansi inali itafika pa 70GW, ndipo kukula kwina kukuyembekezeka, zomwe zinalimbitsa malo ake ngati ukadaulo wotsogola pazinthu zogwira ntchito bwino za dzuwa.
Chinthu china chatsopano chomwe chimasintha zinthu ndi kuphatikiza waya wa diamondi ndi ukadaulo wa silicon wakuda. Silicon wakuda umathandiza kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndi magwiridwe antchito a maselo pothana ndi kunyezimira kwapamwamba kwa silicon yachikhalidwe. Ngakhale silicon wakuda wouma umapereka phindu lalikulu kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino, umafunikira zida zokwera mtengo, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwambiri kwa opanga apamwamba. Silicon wakuda wonyowa imapereka njira ina yotsika mtengo, kukwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a 0.3%-0.5% ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zimayikidwa.
Maselo a dzuwa a bifacial akuyimira kupita patsogolo kwina kwakukulu, komwe kumatha kutenga kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri kuti kuwonjezere mphamvu zopangira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusindikiza mbali ziwiri ndi boron doping, maselowa amapeza mphamvu ya kumbuyo ya 10%-25%, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili. Maselo a bifacial a mtundu wa N-type monocrystalline akukulitsa mphamvu zopangira, zomwe zikupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito msika.
Ukadaulo wa Multi-busbar (MBB) ndi chinthu china chodziwika bwino, chokhala ndi mabasi 12 kuti akonze kusonkhanitsa kwa magetsi ndikuchepetsa kukana kwamkati. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa kutayika kwa mthunzi, kumawonjezera kuyamwa kwa kuwala, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa ya module ndi osachepera 5W. Kuphatikiza apo, MBB imachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi ming'alu yaying'ono komanso imasunga mphamvu yokhazikika ngakhale pakagwa kuwonongeka kwa maselo.
Ukadaulo wa shingled module umakonza kapangidwe ka maselo a PV mwa kuwaduladula ndi kuwaphatikiza, ndikupanga mawonekedwe olimba omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo ndi 13% poyerekeza ndi ma module wamba. Kusowa kwa riboni zosungunulira kumachepetsa kutayika kwa magetsi, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a ma module komanso kutulutsa mphamvu. Ukadaulo uwu ukuyimira patsogolo kwambiri pakuyika ma module moyenera.
Pomaliza, ukadaulo wa maselo odulidwa theka umaphatikizapo kugawa maselo achikhalidwe m'magawo awiri ndikukonzanso mkati mwa module. Izi zimachepetsa kusagwirizana kwa magetsi, zimachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu mkati, komanso zimawonjezera kutulutsa konse ndi pafupifupi 10W poyerekeza ndi ma module a full cell. Kuphatikiza apo, zimachepetsa kutentha kwa malo otentha ndi pafupifupi 25°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudalirika komanso kulimba.
Ukadaulo wamakono uwu umatsimikizira kudzipereka kwa makampani opanga ma PV pakupanga zinthu zatsopano. Mwa kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukulitsa ntchito, akukonza njira yopezera tsogolo lokhazikika komanso logwira ntchito bwino la mphamvu ya dzuwa.
