Imboni ye-photovoltaic (PV) ibone intuthuko emangalisayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuningana obubalulekile obushintsha isimo samandla elanga. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwamamojula elanga. Nasi ukubuka kabanzi ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili obuqhubela imboni phambili:
Intuthuko enkulu ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-diamond wire, obunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusika i-crystalline silicon. Ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezimbozwe ngedayimane ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, le ndlela idlula ukusika kwe-slurry kwendabuko ngokusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. I-monocrystalline silicon isivele ishintshele ngokuphelele ekusikeni i-diamond wire, kuyilapho i-multicrystalline silicon ilandela ngokushesha, okubonisa ushintsho olubonakalayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-silicon wafer.
Ubuchwepheshe be-PERC (Passivated Emitter kanye neRear Cell) sebubuye baba yisisekelo samaseli e-PV asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokungafani namaseli avamile, i-PERC ifaka ubuso bangemuva obungasebenzi, inciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-electron futhi ithuthukise ukukhanya. Lokhu kusungulwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, amandla okukhiqiza i-PERC emhlabeni wonke ayesefinyelele ku-70GW, futhi kulindeleke ukukhula okwengeziwe, okuqinisa isikhundla sayo njengobuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili emikhiqizweni yelanga esebenza kahle.
Okunye okusha okushintsha umdlalo ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-diamond wire kanye ne-black silicon. I-black silicon ithuthukisa ukumuncwa kokukhanya kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaseli ngokubhekana nokukhanya okuphezulu kwendawo ye-silicon yendabuko. Nakuba i-silicon emnyama eyomile inikeza izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, idinga imishini ebiza kakhulu, inciphisa ukwamukelwa kwayo kabanzi kubakhiqizi abaphezulu. I-wet black silicon inikeza enye indlela engabizi kakhulu, ifinyelela ukwanda kokusebenza kahle okungu-0.3%-0.5% ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi.
Amaseli elanga amabili amelela enye intuthuko ebalulekile, ekwazi ukubamba ukukhanya kwelanga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Njengoba ethuthukiswe ngamasu afana nokuphrinta okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye ne-boron doping, lawa maseli athola inzuzo yamandla angemuva ngo-10%-25%, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Amaseli amabili e-monocrystalline amabili anombala we-N ayanda ngokwanda komthamo wokukhiqiza, okwenza kube nzima ukwamukelwa emakethe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Multi-busbar (MBB) bungenye into entsha ephawulekayo, enama-busbar ayi-12 okuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwamanje nokunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Lo mklamo unciphisa ukulahleka komthunzi, uthuthukisa ukumuncwa kokukhanya, futhi ukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla emojuli okungenani ngama-5W. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MBB inciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwama-microcracks futhi igcina ukukhishwa kwamandla okuzinzile ngisho nasezimweni zokulimala kwamaseli.
Ubuchwepheshe be-module ehlanganisiwe buthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaseli e-PV ngokuwasika nokuwahlanganisa, okudala ukucushwa okuqinile okwandisa ubuningi bamaseli ngaphezu kuka-13% uma kuqhathaniswa namamojula avamile. Ukungabikho kwamaribhoni okunamathela kunciphisa ukulahleka kukagesi, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemojula kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla. Lobu buchwepheshe bumelela isinyathelo esiguqukayo ekufakweni kwamamojula okusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Okokugcina, ubuchwepheshe bamaseli anqunyiwe uhhafu buhilela ukuhlukanisa amaseli avamile abe yizingxenye bese uwahlela kabusha ngaphakathi kwemojuli. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungalingani kwamanje, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kwangaphakathi, futhi kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo ophelele cishe ngo-10W uma kuqhathaniswa namamojuli agcwele amaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa amazinga okushisa ezindaweni ezishisayo cishe ngo-25°C, kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nokuqina.
Lobu buchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bugcizelela ukuzibophezela kwemboni ye-PV ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha. Ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza njalo, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, bavula indlela yekusasa elisebenza ngamandla elanga eliqhubekayo neliphumelelayo.
