Ishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) libone inkqubela phambili emangalisayo, kunye neetekhnoloji ezininzi eziphambili eziguqula imeko yamandla elanga. Ezi zinto zintsha zigxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kweemodyuli zelanga. Nantsi ingqwalasela esondeleyo kwiitekhnoloji ezithandwayo eziqhubela phambili eli shishini:
Enye inkqubela phambili enkulu bubuchwepheshe bokusika i-crystalline wire technology, obunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusika i-crystalline silicon. Ngokusebenzisa i-diamond-coated wires ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, le ndlela idlula i-slurry slicing yendabuko ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. I-monocrystalline silicon sele itshintshele ngokupheleleyo kwi-diamond wire slicing, ngelixa i-multicrystalline silicon ilandela ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho olubonakalayo kwimveliso ye-silicon wafer.
Itekhnoloji yePERC (Passivated Emitter kunye neRear Cell) nayo ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeeseli zePV ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo neeseli eziqhelekileyo, iPERC ifaka umphezulu ongasemva ongasebenziyo, inciphisa ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe kwee-electron kwaye iphucula ukukhanya. Olu tshintsho luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, amandla emveliso yePERC yehlabathi ayefikelele kwi-70GW, kwaye kulindeleke ukukhula okungakumbi, okuqinisa isikhundla sayo njengetekhnoloji ehamba phambili kwiimveliso zelanga ezisebenzayo.
Olunye utshintsho olutshintsha umdlalo kukudityaniswa kocingo lwedayimani kunye netekhnoloji yesilicon emnyama. Isilicon emnyama iphucula ukufunxwa kokukhanya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweeseli ngokujongana nokukhanya okuphezulu komphezulu wesilicon yendabuko. Nangona isilicon emnyama eyomileyo inika inzuzo ephezulu yokusebenza, ifuna izixhobo ezibizayo, inciphisa ukwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi kubavelisi abaphezulu. Isilicon emnyama emanzi inika enye indlela engabizi kakhulu, ifikelela kunyuko lokusebenza olusebenzayo lwe-0.3%-0.5% ngotyalo-mali oluphantsi lwemali.
Iiseli zelanga ezimbini zimele enye inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, ekwaziyo ukubamba ukukhanya kwelanga kumacala omabini ukuze kuphuculwe ukuveliswa kwamandla. Ziphuculwe ngeendlela ezifana nokuprinta okumacala amabini kunye ne-boron doping, ezi seli zifumana amandla angasemva angama-10%-25%, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendalo. Iiseli ze-N-type monocrystalline bifacial ziyanda ngakumbi amandla emveliso, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukwamkelwa kwimarike.
Itekhnoloji ye-Multi-busbar (MBB) yenye into entsha ephawulekayo, enee-busbar ezili-12 zokuphucula ukuqokelelwa kwangoku kunye nokunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Olu yilo lunciphisa ukulahleka komthunzi, luphucula ukufunxwa kokukhanya, kwaye lunyusa amandla okukhupha imodyuli ubuncinane nge-5W. Ukongeza, i-MBB inciphisa amathuba okuba nee-microcracks kwaye igcina amandla azinzileyo nokuba kukho umonakalo kwiiseli.
Itekhnoloji ye-Shingled module iphucula ulwakhiwo lweeseli ze-PV ngokuzisika nokuzigquma, idala ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo olunyusa uxinano lweeseli ngaphezulu kwe-13% xa kuthelekiswa neemodyuli eziqhelekileyo. Ukungabikho kweeribhoni ze-soldering kunciphisa ukulahleka kombane, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweemodyuli kunye nokukhupha umbane. Le teknoloji imele inyathelo eliguqukayo ekupakisheni iimodyuli ngendlela esebenza kakuhle.
Okokugqibela, iteknoloji yeeseli ezinqunyulwe kancinci ibandakanya ukwahlula iiseli zemveli zibe zisiqingatha kwaye ziphinde zihlelwe ngaphakathi kwimodyuli. Oku kunciphisa ukungalingani kwamandla angoku, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla angaphakathi, kwaye kuphucula imveliso iyonke malunga ne-10W xa kuthelekiswa neemodyuli zeseli ezipheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, kunciphisa amaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezishushu malunga ne-25°C, kuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina.
Ezi teknoloji zisemgangathweni zigxininisa ukuzinikela kweshishini le-PV ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha. Ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa usetyenziso, zivula indlela yekamva elizinzileyo nelisebenzayo elisebenzisa amandla elanga.
