Kwa anthu ambiri, makina osungira magetsi a PV kunyumba akadali lingaliro latsopano komanso chinthu chatsopano. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa photovoltaic wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale akuluakulu a photovoltaic ndi zida zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana monga zotenthetsera madzi a dzuwa ndi magetsi amisewu a dzuwa, kutchuka kwa makina osungira magetsi a photovoltaic kunyumba sikunafike pamlingo wodabwitsa.
Komabe, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kugogomezera kwambiri mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, makina osungira magetsi a PV m'nyumba akukula pang'onopang'ono ndikukula m'malo okhala ndi malo ogulitsira m'nyumba ndi m'mayiko akunja. M'mayiko akunja a ku Ulaya ndi ku America, makina oterewa akhala zida zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazifukwa zogona komanso zamalonda.
Makina osungira magetsi a PV kunyumba amagwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a dzuwa kuti asonkhanitse mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikuisintha kukhala magetsi. Magetsi awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku panyumba ndipo otsalawo amatha kusungidwa m'mabatire kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwadzidzidzi. Kubwera kwa makina otere kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'nyumba kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi mwanjira yotsika mtengo komanso yosawononga chilengedwe, komanso amapereka chitetezo china ngati magetsi asokonekera kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'nyumba kumathandizanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwa. Chifukwa cha thandizo la boma la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso chidziwitso cha anthu chokhudza kuteteza chilengedwe, msika wa njira zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'nyumba ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Kusunga mphamvu kwa makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic kunyumba komanso kusungira mphamvu kumaonekera kwambiri m'mbali izi:
1. Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yobiriwira komanso yoyera, yomwe sipanga zinthu zilizonse zowononga chilengedwe. Poyerekeza ndi mphamvu zakale, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi gwero la mphamvu yongowonjezwdwanso yomwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa popanga magetsi kungachepetse kuwonongeka ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe.
2. Makina osungira mphamvu a PV kunyumba amatha kusunga mphamvu komanso kupereka magetsi, motero kupewa kupsinjika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi komanso vuto la kuchepetsedwa kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magetsi okwera. M'mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito makina otere kungachepetse kwambiri mtengo wamagetsi, pomwe akuzindikira kudzidalira pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndikuchepetsa kudalira gridi yamagetsi yachikhalidwe.
3. Poganizira za chiŵerengero cha input-output, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha makina a Lenercom a 10KW PV, amatha kupanga magetsi okwana 47 kWh patsiku ndikusunga 25.6 kWh. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makina amtunduwu amatha kupereka magetsi okwana maola 24 kwa banja, motero amachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa magetsi kwa banja.
4. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ya panyumba ikhoza kukhala zaka 25 kapena kuposerapo, ngakhale zaka 40 ngati itasamalidwa bwino. Nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yotereyi imalola kuti magetsi azipangidwa bwino komanso azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu la ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakinawa liwonjezeke.
5. Malinga ndi mitengo yamagetsi yomwe ilipo panopa, ikapangidwa, mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi a PV apakhomo ndi ocheperako, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe mabanja amagwiritsa ntchito pamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mfundo za boma zothandizira ziganiziridwa, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina otere kungafikire pa 15%, ndipo nthawi yobwezera ikhoza kukhala mkati mwa zaka 6-9.
Kodi ndi bwino kukhazikitsa makina osungira magetsi a PV kunyumba?
Chitetezo cha makina osungira mphamvu a PV kunyumba chili chotsimikizika. Masiku ano, makina osungira mphamvu a PV kunyumba adutsa m'njira zambiri komanso kusintha, kaya ndi zida za PV kumapeto kwa makina opangira magetsi, kapena mabatire, ma inverter ndi makina oyendetsera mphamvu kumapeto kwa makina osungira mphamvu, zonsezi zimatha kutsimikizira chitetezo mpaka pamlingo wokwanira.
Choyamba, batire ndiye gawo lalikulu la makina opangira magetsi a PV kunyumba ndi kusungira mphamvu, ndipo kulimba kwake ndi magwiridwe antchito ake otetezeka zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha makina onse. Mabatire ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi a photovoltaic kunyumba komanso makina osungira mphamvu omwe ali pamsika masiku ano ndi mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate a A-grade. Kukhazikika kwa mtundu uwu wa magetsi ndikwabwino kwambiri, kumatha kukhala kokhazikika kutentha kwambiri, sikusavuta kuwola, kotero kumakhala ndi chitetezo chambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yayitali kwambiri, imatha kufika zaka zoposa 10, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti agwiritsa ntchito.
Kachiwiri, makina osungira mphamvu a PV apakhomo pano amathandizanso "AMS+BMS+APP" kasamalidwe ka mphamvu mwanzeru. Makina oyendetsera mphamvu mwanzeru awa amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa momwe magetsi amapangira, kusungira mphamvu ndi momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito kunyumba pa intaneti nthawi iliyonse, ndikusintha ndikukonza njira yogwiritsira ntchito pakapita nthawi. Ngati zalephera, makinawa amatha kukonza zolakwika zokha, motero kuonetsetsa kuti makina opangira magetsi ndi kusungira mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuli kotetezeka komanso kodalirika.
Kuphatikiza apo, inverter ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kusungira magetsi a PV kunyumba. Ntchito ya inverter ndikusintha mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za magetsi apakhomo. Masiku ano, ukadaulo wa inverter ndi wokhwima kwambiri, womwe ungatsimikizire kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana komanso uli ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti mphamvu ya dzuwa igwire ntchito bwino.
Mwachidule, chitetezo cha makina osungira magetsi a PV kunyumba chili chotsimikizika mokwanira. Kuyambira zida zamagetsi monga mabatire ndi ma inverter mpaka ukadaulo wa mapulogalamu monga makina owongolera anzeru, zonsezi zimapereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makinawo.
Makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic kunyumba komanso osungira mphamvu akukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo akhala zida zodziwika bwino m'maiko ena. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, kutchuka kwa makinawa ku China kudzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu zobiriwira mtsogolo.
