Ku bantu benshi, uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi ya PV mu rugo buracyari igitekerezo gishya kandi ni umusaruro mushya. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya fotovoltaic rimaze igihe kinini rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nini zikora amashanyarazi ya fotovoltaic ndetse n'ibikoresho bito bitandukanye nk'amashyuza akoresha imirasire y'izuba n'amatara yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba, uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi ya fotovoltaic mu rugo buracyari bwiza cyane.
Ariko, bitewe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kwiyongera k’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi ya PV mu ngo bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro kandi bukura mu bikorwa byo gutura no mu bucuruzi mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mu bihugu byo mu mahanga by’i Burayi na Amerika, ubwo buryo bwahindutse ibikoresho ku rwego rw’igihugu kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu mirimo yo gutura no mu bucuruzi.
Sisitemu zo kubika amashanyarazi ya PV mu rugo zikoresha imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo zikusanye ingufu z'izuba zigahinduka amashanyarazi. Aya mashanyarazi ashobora gukoreshwa mu ngo za buri munsi, andi akaba ashobora kubikwa mu mabatiri kugira ngo akoreshwe mu buryo bwihutirwa. Kuba habayeho ubwo buryo bituma abakoresha amashanyarazi mu ngo bakoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo buhendutse kandi butangiza ibidukikije, kandi butanga n'uburinzi ku rwego runaka mu gihe habayeho ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwangirika.
Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic mu ngo rinafasha mu guteza imbere no gukwirakwiza ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije. Bitewe n’inkunga ya leta ku ngufu zikomoka ku bidukikije ndetse n’ubumenyi bw’abaturage ku kurengera ibidukikije, isoko ry’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije mu ngo ni rinini cyane.
Uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu za photovoltaic mu rugo no kuzigama ingufu bugaragarira ahanini muri ibi bikurikira:
1. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni ubwoko bw'ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije kandi zisukuye, zidakora ibintu byangiza ibidukikije. Ugereranyije n'ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije gakondo, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni isoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa hafi igihe cyose. Kubwibyo, gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gutanga amashanyarazi bishobora kugabanya kwangirika no kwangiza ibidukikije.
2. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za PV mu rugo ishobora kubika ingufu ndetse no gutanga amashanyarazi, bityo ikirinda igitutu cy'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ndetse n'ibibazo byo kubura amashanyarazi biterwa n'amashanyarazi yo kuzamuka. Mu ngo zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, gukoresha ubwo buryo bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, mu gihe umuntu yihagije mu gukoresha amashanyarazi kandi akagabanya kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi usanzwe.
3. Dukurikije urugero rw'igipimo cy'umusaruro w'inyongera, reka dufate urugero rwa sisitemu ya PV ya Lenercom ya 10KW, ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi angana na kWh 47 ku munsi kandi ikabika kWh 25.6. Ibi bivuze ko ubu buryo bushobora gutanga amashanyarazi amasaha 24 ku muryango, bityo bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi ku muryango.
4. Igihe cy'imikorere ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu rugo gishobora kugera ku myaka 25 cyangwa irenga, ndetse n'imyaka 40 iyo ifashwe neza. Igihe kirekire cy'imikorere ya sisitemu nk'izo gituma habaho amashanyarazi ahoraho no kuyatanga mu gihe kirekire, bityo bikongera inyungu ku ishoramari rya sisitemu.
5. Dukurikije ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biriho ubu, iyo bikozwe mu buryo bwa ikoranabuhanga, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha sisitemu yo kubyaza no kubika amashanyarazi mu ngo kiba kiri hasi cyane, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga urugo rukoresha ku mashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, niba politiki ya leta yo gutanga inkunga irasuzumwa, igipimo cy'inyungu z'iyi sisitemu gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 15%, kandi igihe cyo kwishyura gishobora kuba mu myaka 6-9.
Ese ni byiza gushyiraho sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi ya PV yo mu rugo?
Umutekano wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za PV mu rugo urizewe rwose. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za PV mu rugo yanyuze mu ngendo nyinshi no kunozwa, byaba ibice by'ibikoresho bya PV ku mpera ya sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, cyangwa bateri, inverters na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ku mpera y'ububiko bw'ingufu, byose bishobora kwemeza umutekano ku rugero rushoboka.
Mbere na mbere, bateri ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya PV yo mu rugo no kubika ingufu, kandi kuramba kwayo no gukora neza mu mutekano bigira uruhare runini mu mutekano wa sisitemu yose. Bateri nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yo mu rugo no kubika ingufu ku isoko muri iki gihe ni bateri za lithium fosfate y'icyuma yo mu rwego rwa A. Ubuziranenge bw'ubu bwoko bw'amashanyarazi ni bwiza cyane, bushobora kugumana ubuziranenge ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ntibushobora kubora, bityo bufite umutekano wo hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, igihe cyayo cyo gukora nacyo ni kirekire cyane, gishobora kugera ku myaka irenga 10, bityo abayikoresha bashobora kwizera ko ikoreshwa.
Icya kabiri, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za PV mu rugo ikora kandi mu gucunga ingufu mu buryo bw’ubwenge "AMS+BMS+APP". Iyi sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu mu buryo bw’ubwenge yemerera abakoresha gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu, kuzibika no kuzitanga mu rugo kuri interineti igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, no guhindura no kunoza ingamba zo kuzikoresha ku gihe. Mu gihe habayeho ikibazo, sisitemu ishobora gusana amakosa mu buryo bwikora, bityo ikagenzura umutekano n’ubwirinzi bw’abakoresha mu gukora no kubika ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, inverter ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gukora no kubika amashanyarazi ya PV yo mu rugo. Inshingano ya inverter ni uguhindura ingufu za DC muri AC kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyifuzo by'amashanyarazi yo mu rugo. Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga rya inverter rirakuze cyane, rishobora gutuma imikorere ihoraho mu bihe bitandukanye kandi rifite imikorere myiza cyane yo kongera uruhare rw'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
Muri make, umutekano wa sisitemu zo kubika amashanyarazi za PV mu rugo urahamye rwose. Kuva ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka bateri na inverters kugeza ku ikoranabuhanga rya porogaramu nka sisitemu y'ubwenge yo gucunga, byose bitanga garanti ikomeye y'umutekano n'ubwirinzi bwa sisitemu.
Uburyo bwo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic mu rugo no kuzibika bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi bwabaye ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya ikiguzi, gukundwa kw’ubu buryo mu Bushinwa nabyo bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi bibe icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’iterambere ry’ingufu zitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije mu gihe kizaza.
