Kwabaningi, izinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ze-PV zasekhaya zisengumqondo omusha nomkhiqizo. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic sebukhona isikhathi eside futhi busetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zikagesi ze-photovoltaic ezinkulu kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene amancane njengezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga kanye nezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga, ukuthandwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya akukafiki emazingeni amangalisayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokugcizelela okwandayo kwamandla avuselelekayo, izinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ze-PV zasekhaya ziye zathuthuka kancane kancane futhi zavuthwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala nezentengiselwano ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika aphesheya kwezilwandle, izinhlelo ezinjalo sezibe imishini ezingeni likazwelonke futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi kokubili ezinhlosweni zokuhlala nezentengiselwano.
Izinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ze-PV zasekhaya zisebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ukuqoqa amandla elanga bese ziwaguqula abe ugesi. Lo gesi ungasetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ekhaya kanti okusele kungagcinwa emabhethri ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphuthumayo. Ukuvela kohlelo olunjalo kuvumela abasebenzisi basekhaya ukuthi basebenzise ugesi ngendlela eyongayo neyonga imvelo, futhi kunikeza izinga elithile lokuvikelwa uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kukagesi noma ukwehluleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic ekhaya nakho kusiza ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokusekelwa okwandayo kukahulumeni kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, amathuba emakethe ohlelo lokugcina amandla e-PV ekhaya abanzi kakhulu.
Ukonga amandla kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ekhaya kanye nokugcina amandla kubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Amandla elanga uhlobo lwamandla aluhlaza nahlanzekile, angakhiqizi izinto eziyingozi emvelweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa namandla endabuko akudala, amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo ongaphinde usetshenziswe cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuphehla ugesi kunganciphisa umonakalo kanye nokungcola kwemvelo.
2. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-PV lwasekhaya lungagcina amandla kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ingcindezi yokusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nenkinga yokuncishiswa kukagesi okubangelwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okufakwa ezitebhisini. Emakhaya asebenzisa ugesi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zikagesi, kuyilapho kuqashelwa ukwaneliseka kokusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika kugridi kagesi yendabuko.
3. Ngokombono wesilinganiso sokufakwayo nokukhishwa, ake sithathe uhlelo lwe-PV lwe-Lenercom lwe-10KW njengesibonelo, lungakhiqiza ugesi ongu-47 kWh ngosuku futhi lugcine ugesi ongu-25.6 kWh. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lohlelo lunganikeza ugesi wamahora angama-24 emndenini, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe kakhulu izindleko zikagesi emndenini.
4. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu yamandla elanga yasekhaya singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-25 noma ngaphezulu, ngisho neminyaka engama-40 uma inakekelwa kahle. Isikhathi sokusebenza eside sezinhlelo ezinjalo sivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuzinzile kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwesikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesistimu.
5. Ngokwezilinganiso zamanani kagesi zamanje, uma zihlanganiswa, izindleko zokusebenzisa uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kukagesi lwe-PV lwasekhaya kanye nokugcina ziphansi kakhulu, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomndeni ngogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kucatshangelwa inqubomgomo yoxhaso lukahulumeni, izinga lokubuyiselwa kwesistimu enjalo lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-15%, futhi isikhathi sokukhokha singaba phakathi kweminyaka engu-6-9.
Ingabe kuphephile ukufaka uhlelo lokugcina ugesi lwe-PV lwasekhaya?
Ukuphepha kohlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-PV lwasekhaya kuqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele. Namuhla, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-PV lwasekhaya seludlule ezinguqukweni eziningi kanye nokuthuthuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizingxenye zedivayisi ye-PV ekugcineni kohlelo lokuphehla ugesi, noma amabhethri, ama-inverter kanye nohlelo lokuphatha amandla ekugcineni kokugcina amandla, konke lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha ngezinga eliphezulu.
Okokuqala, ibhethri liyingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla lwe-PV lwasekhaya kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla, futhi ukuqina kwalo kanye nokusebenza kwalo ngokuphepha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kohlelo lonke. Iningi lamabhethri asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhiqizwa kwamandla ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla emakethe namuhla amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate esezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuqina kwalolu hlobo lwe-core kagesi kuhle kakhulu, kungagcina ukuqina ekushiseni okuphezulu, akulula ukubola, ngakho-ke kunokuphepha okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impilo yalo yesevisi nayo yinde kakhulu, ingafinyelela eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-10, ngakho abasebenzisi bangaqiniseka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyasetshenziswa.
Okwesibili, uhlelo lwamanje lokugcina amandla lwe-PV lwasekhaya luphinde lufeze ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile kwe-"AMS+BMS+APP". Lolu hlelo lokuphatha okuhlakaniphile luvumela abasebenzisi ukuqonda ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nesimo sokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ekhaya ku-inthanethi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi balungise futhi bathuthukise isu lokusebenzisa ngesikhathi. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, uhlelo lungalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphutha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwabasebenzisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-inverter nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV yasekhaya kanye nokugcina. Indima ye-inverter ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sikagesi wasekhaya. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe be-inverter sebukhulile kakhulu, obungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi busebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kukhuliswe indima yamandla elanga.
Ngamafuphi, ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ze-PV zasekhaya kuqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele. Kusukela kumishini yehadiwe efana namabhethri nama-inverter kuya kubuchwepheshe besofthiwe efana nohlelo lokuphatha oluhlakaniphile, konke lokhu kunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo.
Izinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic ekhaya kanye nokugcina amandla ziye zathuthuka kancane kancane futhi zavuthwa, futhi ziye zaba imishini ethandwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ukuthandwa kwalolu hlelo eShayina kuzokhula kancane kancane futhi kube yisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko yamandla aluhlaza esikhathini esizayo.
