Kwabaninzi abantu, iinkqubo zokugcina umbane ze-PV zasekhaya zisengumbono omtsha kunye nemveliso. Nangona itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic ikho ixesha elide kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezincinci ezifana nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga kunye nezibane zesitalato zelanga, ukuthandwa kweenkqubo zokugcina umbane ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya akukafikeleli kumanqanaba amangalisayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nogxininiso olukhulayo kumandla avuselelekayo, iinkqubo zokugcina umbane ze-PV zasekhaya ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zavuthwa kancinci kancinci kwiindawo zokuhlala nezorhwebo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kumazwe aphesheya aseYurophu naseMelika, ezi nkqubo ziye zaba zizixhobo zelizwe kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala nezorhwebo.
Iinkqubo zokugcina umbane ze-PV zasekhaya zisebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga ukuqokelela amandla elanga aze aguqulelwe ekubeni ngumbane. Lo mbane ungasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla ekhaya kwaye oseleyo ungagcinwa kwiibhetri ukuze usetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuvela kwenkqubo enjalo kuvumela abasebenzisi basekhaya ukuba basebenzise umbane ngendlela engabizi kakhulu neyongamela okusingqongileyo, kwaye ikwabonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokhuseleko xa kukho ukuphazamiseka okanye ukusilela kombane.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic ekhaya kukwanceda ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngenxa yenkxaso karhulumente eyandayo yamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokuqonda kwabantu ngokukhuselwa kwendalo, amathuba emarike yenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-PV ekhaya abanzi kakhulu.
Ukonga amandla kwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic ekhaya kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kubonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Amandla elanga luhlobo lwamandla aluhlaza nacocekileyo, angavelisi zinto zinobungozi kokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa namandla emveli e-fossil, amandla elanga ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo anokuphinda asetyenziswe phantse ngalo lonke ixesha. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane kunokunciphisa umonakalo kunye nongcoliseko kokusingqongileyo.
2. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-PV yasekhaya inokuphumeza zombini ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunikezelwa kombane, ngaloo ndlela iphephe uxinzelelo lokusetyenziswa kombane kunye nengxaki yokuncitshiswa kombane okubangelwa kukunikezelwa kombane weleli. Kwimizi esebenzisa umbane ophezulu, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezinjalo kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zombane, ngelixa kubonwa ukwaneliseka kokusetyenziswa kombane kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigridi yombane yendabuko.
3. Ngokwembono yomlinganiselo wokufaka kunye nemveliso, makhe sithathe inkqubo ye-PV ye-10KW yeLenercom njengomzekelo, inokuvelisa umbane ongama-47 kWh ngosuku kwaye igcine ama-25.6 kWh. Oku kuthetha ukuba olu hlobo lwenkqubo lunokubonelela ngombane iiyure ezingama-24 kusapho, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zombane kusapho.
4. Ubomi benkonzo yenkqubo yamandla elanga yasekhaya bunokuba yiminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu, kwanangama-40 ukuba igcinwe kakuhle. Ubomi benkonzo ende yeenkqubo ezinjalo buvumela ukuveliswa kombane okuzinzileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwawo ixesha elide, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwenkqubo.
5. Ngokweengcaphuno zamaxabiso ombane zangoku, xa zidityaniswa, iindleko zokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuvelisa nokugcina umbane ye-PV yasekhaya ziphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zentsapho kumbane. Ukongeza, ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali karhulumente uyaqwalaselwa, izinga lembuyekezo yale nkqubo linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-15%, kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela linokuba phakathi kweminyaka eyi-6-9.
Ingaba kukhuselekile ukufaka inkqubo yokugcina umbane ye-PV yasekhaya?
Ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-PV ekhaya luqinisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kule mihla, inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-PV ekhaya idlule kwiinguqu ezininzi kunye nophuculo, nokuba zizixhobo ze-PV ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane, okanye iibhetri, ii-inverters kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ekupheleni kwendawo yokugcina umbane, zonke ezi zinto zinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo.
Okokuqala, ibhetri yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-PV yasekhaya kunye nenkqubo yokugcina umbane, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwenkqubo yonke. Uninzi lweebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic wasekhaya ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zokugcina umbane ezikwimarike namhlanje ziibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate ze-A-grade. Uzinzo lolu hlobo lombane lulungile kakhulu, lunokugcina uzinzo kubushushu obuphezulu, alulula ukubola, ngoko ke lukhuselekile kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ubomi bayo benkonzo bubude kakhulu, bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, ngoko ke abasebenzisi banokuqiniseka ukuba bayayisebenzisa.
Okwesibini, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-PV yasekhaya yangoku ikwafezekisa ulawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele "lwe-AMS+BMS+APP". Le nkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqonde imeko yokuveliswa kombane, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunikezelwa kombane ekhaya kwi-intanethi nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye balungise kwaye balungise icebo lokusetyenziswa ngexesha. Kwimeko yokusilela, inkqubo ingazilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iimpazamo, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokuveliswa kombane kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwabasebenzisi.
Ukongeza, i-inverter ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-PV yasekhaya kunye nokugcina. Indima ye-inverter kukuguqula umbane we-DC ube ngumbane we-AC ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zombane wasekhaya. Kule mihla, iteknoloji ye-inverter sele ikhulile kakhulu, enokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye ikwasebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukwandisa indima yamandla elanga.
Ngamafutshane, ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zokugcina umbane ze-PV zasekhaya luqinisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukususela kwizixhobo zehardware ezifana neebhetri kunye nee-inverters ukuya kubuchwepheshe besoftware efana nenkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele, zonke zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ekhaya kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ziye zaphuhliswa kancinci kancinci zaza zavuthwa, kwaye ziye zaba zizixhobo ezidumileyo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuqhubeka kweteknoloji kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, ukuthandwa kwale nkqubo eTshayina kuya kwanda kancinci kancinci kwaye kube yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwamandla aluhlaza kwixesha elizayo.
