Isoko ry’amashanyarazi akoresha photovoltaic (PV) ryahuye n’ihungabana rikomeye mu minsi ishize, rirangwa n’ikibazo cy’ubushobozi buke ku isi. Iki kibazo gitera gutekereza ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa PV bwo kongera kuba ikigo gikomeye ku rwego rw’isi mu bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’ingufu.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, igihugu cyacu cyagize intambwe yihuta mu nganda za PV, iterwa inkunga na politiki za leta zigamije guteza imbere iterambere rya PV rishingiye ku isoko. Imiterere y’ingamba zo ku rwego rwo hejuru n’ubwitange ku ntego za "Carbon Neutrality" na "Carbon Peak" byashyizeho umurongo uhamye wo kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda zacu zikoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri fotovoltaic. Ubushinwa buri ku isonga mu nganda za PV ku isi, bufite ubunyangamugayo mu nganda zabwo, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bwinshi, ndetse n’isoko rinini.
Ubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga bw'inganda zikora amashanyarazi ya PV mu Bushinwa bwakomeje gukura cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, buhora buhanga udushya kandi bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gukora amashanyarazi ya PV kigabanuka cyane. Imibare y'amezi umunani ya mbere ya 2023 igaragaza ko ingufu za photovoltaic zo mu Bushinwa zazamutse cyane, ziyongeraho 44.4% uko umwaka ugenda uhita. Iki gihe cyagaragayemo ukwiyongera gukomeye kwa 26.98% kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2023, bigaragaza ko inzira ikomeje kuzamuka.
Amezi umunani ya mbere ya 2023 yabaye ikimenyetso cy’uko hongeweho 113.16 GW y’ubushobozi bushya, ubwiyongere butangaje bwa 68.69 GW ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Ibi byagize hafi 57% by’ubushobozi bushya bwose, birenga kilowati miliyoni 100 ku nshuro ya mbere mu Bushinwa. Byongeye kandi, umubare munini wa kilowati miliyoni 87.41 z’ubushobozi bwa photovoltaic mu 2022 wazamutseho kilowati miliyoni 25 mu mezi umunani ya mbere ya 2023, hafi ubwiyongere bwa 30%. Igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’amashanyarazi hagati ya 2019-2023 cyazamutse kigera kuri 50.28%, gikomeza kuzamuka.
Mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'inganda mu gupima amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic, ubushobozi bw'Ubushinwa mu gukora amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic buriho ubu burakomeye. Byongeweho na politiki y'igihugu yo gukoresha karuboni ebyiri, amashanyarazi akomeje kwiyongera. Ishyirahamwe ry'inganda zikoresha photovoltaic mu Bushinwa ryavuguruye ingano y'amashanyarazi aturuka kuri PV ku isi kuva kuri 280-330 GW kugera kuri 305-350 GW mu 2023. Nubwo ubukungu bw'isi bwagabanutse, inganda zikoresha PV ni zimwe muri nke zigaragaza iterambere ryinshi n'iterambere ryihuse, bikurura abinjira n'abasohoka n'imari yambukiranya imipaka. Ariko, uku kwaguka byongera ikibazo cyo kwinjizwa mu buryo bwihuse kw'ubushobozi bushya mu rwego rwo gukenera bike, bigatera inganda kugera ku cyiciro cyo kwihutisha kongera ubushobozi no kuvugurura.
Imiterere y'isoko igaragaza ko ingufu z'ubushyuhe zigumana umwanya wa mbere mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu, zigize kimwe cya kabiri cy'isoko, mu gihe PV yagiye izamuka cyane igera kuri 18.40%, igera ku mwanya wa kabiri. Umuvuduko w'iterambere rya PV ukomeje kwiyongera.
Mu gusuzuma ibikenewe mu nganda, nubwo gupima ibikenewe mu ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bigikomeje kuba ingorabahizi, amahame mpuzamahanga ariho ubu agamije ko ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zizarenga 50% by'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu 2050. Ubu, ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa zibarirwa kuri 18.40% gusa, bivuze ko hari umwanya munini wo gukura, nubwo bizamara igihe kirekire. Ukurikije ubushobozi bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, mu 2030, hazaba hakenewe gigawati zirenga 5.000 z'ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho, bitewe n'uko ubu hateganijwe ko kilowati 1 y'ingufu za photovoltaic itanga dogere zigera kuri 1.500 nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Nyamara, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rigezweho rigaragaza ko hari umwanya munini wo kunoza, bigatuma ikoreshwa ryazo ritagenda neza.
Ishusho rusange y’ibitangwa n’ibikenewe igaragaza ko hari uburinganire bukabije. Ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wa PV wegereje 1000 GW buruta cyane ibyo inganda zikeneye, bikagera ku bushobozi burenze urugero muri uyu mwaka. Ariko, impungenge z’ingenzi zigiye kugaragara ku hazaza ha PV, zitegereje ko ibicuruzwa bikomeza kwaguka. Cyane cyane, hamwe n’ibiciro bya PV bihuye n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’ibiciro by’imari bikwiye, bishishikariza ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’amashanyarazi gushyiraho inganda z’amashanyarazi zitanga ingufu za voltaic, uru rwego rufite ubushobozi buhagije. Inkunga ihoraho ya politiki, hamwe n’irushanwa rikomeye ry’imbere mu gihugu, bizatera impinduka mu bigo n’iterambere rishya, bityo bikagena inzira y’ejo hazaza h’inganda.
Imiterere y'Inganda muri rusange:
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga:Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikomeje rizatuma habaho udushya no kunoza ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga ingufu za PV.
Ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi: Kunoza no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kongera umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ni ingenzi mu kugabanya igihe cyo gutanga ingufu za PV no kwemeza ko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ihamye.
Kubaka imiyoboro igezweho:Kubaka imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho bizanoza itangwa ry'umutungo w'amashanyarazi, binatere imbere imikorere myiza y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.
Inkunga ya Politiki yo Guhangana n’Isoko: Gahunda za leta zigamije guteza imbere uburinganire bw’amashanyarazi ya PV zigaragaza impinduka kuva ku guharanira inyungu zishingiye kuri politiki kugera ku guharanira inyungu zishingiye ku isoko mu nganda zikora ingufu za PV.
Impinduka mu Ingufu ku Isi:Mu gihe cy’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije ku isi n’ibura ry’umutungo kamere, itegeko ryo kuvugurura uburyo bw’ingufu rigamije kwagura no gukoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Bitewe n’uko zikenera ingufu nke, imyuka ihumanya ikirere mike, ndetse n’imikorere myiza y’amashanyarazi, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, cyane cyane PV, ziteguye kwihutisha iterambere rijyanye n’ivugurura ry’uburyo bw’ingufu.
Mu gusoza, nubwo inganda za PV zihanganye n'ubushobozi burenze urugero n'imbogamizi ku isoko, ahazaza hazo hasa n'aho hari icyizere. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza politiki, n'ishoramari mu buryo bw'ingamba mu bubiko no mu ikoranabuhanga bizafasha cyane mu kuyobora inganda ku iterambere rirambye no mu ituze.
