Imarike ye-photovoltaic (PV) ihlangabezane nokwehla okuqhubekayo kutshanje, okuphawulwa yingxaki eqhubekayo yomthamo omkhulu wehlabathi. Le ngxaki ikhuthaza ukucamngca malunga namathuba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nethuba lokuba i-PV iphinde ivele njengeyona nto iphambili kuphando lwamandla lwehlabathi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isizwe sethu siye sabona inkqubela ekhawulezileyo kushishino lwe-PV, oluqhutywa luluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente eyilelwe ukukhuthaza uguquko lwe-PV olujolise kwimarike. Uyilo oluphambili kunye nokuzibophelela kwi-"Carbon Neutrality" kunye neenjongo ze-"Carbon Peak" zibeke ithoni ecacileyo yokukhula okukhawulezileyo kushishino lwethu lwe-photovoltaic. I-China okwangoku imi phambili kushishino lwe-PV lwehlabathi, iqhayisa ngokuthembeka kuyo yonke icandelo layo loshishino, amandla aphezulu okuvelisa, kunye nesabelo esikhulu semarike.
Amandla obuchwephesha kwishishini lokuvelisa umbane we-PV eTshayina akhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ehlala evelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye ngenxa yoko aqhubela phambili ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwiindleko zokuvelisa umbane we-PV. Izibalo zeenyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zowama-2023 zibonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kwamandla e-photovoltaic aseTshayina afakiweyo, enyuka nge-44.4% unyaka nonyaka. Eli xesha libone izinga lokukhula elidibeneyo le-26.98% ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2023, nto leyo ebonisa indlela eqhubekayo yokunyuka.
Iinyanga zokuqala ezisibhozo zowama-2023 ziphawule ukongezwa kwe-113.16 GW yomthamo omtsha, ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwe-68.69 GW kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku kubalwe malunga ne-57% yawo wonke umthamo omtsha, kudlula i-100 yezigidi zee-kilowatts okokuqala eTshayina. Ngaphezu koko, irekhodi eliphezulu le-87.41 yezigidi zee-kilowatts zomthamo we-photovoltaic owongeziweyo ngo-2022 lenyuke nge-25 yezigidi zee-kilowatts kwiinyanga zokuqala ezisibhozo zowama-2023, phantse ukwanda nge-30%. Izinga lokukhula okudibeneyo ngexesha lika-2019-2023 lenyuke laya kwi-50.28% emangalisayo, ligcina umkhwa wokunyuka.
Ukuvavanya ukunikezelwa kombane kushishino, amandla okuvelisa i-photovoltaic eTshayina aqinile. Ukwandiswa ngumgaqo-nkqubo welizwe we-dual-carbon, ukunikezelwa kuyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Izibikezelo ze-China Photovoltaic Industry Association zihlaziye uqikelelo lomthamo we-PV wehlabathi ukusuka kwi-280-330 GW ukuya kwi-305-350 GW ngo-2023. Nangona uqoqosho lwehlabathi ludodobala, ishishini le-PV limi njengelinye lambalwa abonisa ukuchuma okuphezulu kunye nokukhula okukhawulezayo, okutsala abantu abatsha abangenayo kunye nemali-mboleko ewela imida. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwando luyandisa umngeni wokufunxa ukungena ngokukhawuleza komthamo omtsha ngaphakathi komda wemfuno elinganiselweyo, lutyhala ishishini ukuya kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo lokuhlaziya nokulungisa umthamo.
Utshintsho lwemarike lubonisa ukuba amandla obushushu agcina indawo yawo ephambili ekuveliseni umbane wasekhaya, nto leyo ebangela isiqingatha semarike, ngelixa i-PV iye yanda kancinci kancinci yaya kwi-18.40%, yafumana indawo yesibini. Isantya sophuhliso lwe-PV sikhula ngokuthe chu.
Ukuvavanya imfuno yoshishino, ngelixa ukubala imfuno yamandla elanga kusaqhubeka kuyinkimbinkimbi, imigangatho yangoku yamazwe ngamazwe ijolise ekubeni amandla avuselelekayo adlule i-50% yokuveliswa kombane ngo-2050. Okwangoku, amandla avuselelekayo aseTshayina athatha i-18.40% kuphela, nto leyo ebonisa indawo enkulu yokukhula, nangona ixesha elide lithatha ixesha elide. Xa kujongwa umthamo wegridi kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, ngo-2030, ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 gigawatts yomthamo ofakiweyo kuya kufuneka, ngenxa yoqikelelo lwangoku lokuba i-1 kilowatt yamandla e-photovoltaic ivelisa malunga ne-1,500 degrees ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imida yegridi. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yangoku yeteknoloji yokugcina amandla ithetha indawo enkulu yokuphucula, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoko.
Imbono iyonke yokubonelela ngempahla kunye nemfuno ityhila ibhalansi engalindelekanga. Umthamo wemveliso ye-PV osondela kwi-1000 GW udlula kakhulu imfuno yeshishini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho umthamo ogqithisileyo kulo nyaka. Nangona kunjalo, inkxalabo ebalulekileyo itshintshela kwikamva le-PV, ilindele ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokubonelela ngempahla. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ngamaxabiso e-PV aqhagamshelwe kwigridi efanelekileyo kunye neendleko zezimali ezifanelekileyo, ezikhuthaza nayiphi na inkampani yamandla ukuba yakhe izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic, eli candelo linamandla amakhulu. Inkxaso eqhubekayo yomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokhuphiswano olukhulu lwasekhaya, iya kuqhuba utshintsho lwamashishini kunye nophuhliso olutsha, ngaloo ndlela imisela ikhondo lekamva leshishini.
Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zoshishino:
Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji:Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuza kukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso kwiteknoloji yokuvelisa umbane we-PV.
Ugcino lwaMandla kunye noBuchule beGridi: Ukuphuculwa nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokugcina amandla, kunye nokhuliso lwamandla egridi, kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukungabikho kwexesha lokuveliswa kombane we-PV kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo kwinkqubo yamandla.
Ukwakhiwa kweGridi ekrelekrele:Ukwakha iigridi ezikrelekrele kuya kuphucula ukwabiwa kwezixhobo zamandla, nto leyo eya kukhuthaza inkqubo yamandla esebenza kakuhle.
Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuphiswano lweMarike: Amanyathelo karhulumente ajolise ekukhuthazeni ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngokulinganayo kwi-PV avakalisa utshintsho oluvela kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya kukhuphiswano olujolise kwimarike kushishino lokuveliswa kwamandla ombane kwi-PV.
Utshintsho lwaMandla eHlabathi:Ngenxa yokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo, imfuneko yokuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yamandla ikhuthaza ukwandiswa nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngenxa yeemfuno zayo eziphantsi zezixhobo, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuncinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla, amandla elanga, ngakumbi i-PV, akulungele uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo oluhambelana notshintsho lwenkqubo yamandla.
Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ishishini le-PV lijongene nomthamo omkhulu kunye nemingeni yemarike, ikamva lalo libonakala lithembisa. Ubuchule obuqhubekayo betekhnoloji, ulungelelwaniso lwemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye notyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kwiindawo zokugcina kunye negridi kuya kuba luncedo ekuqhubeleni ishishini ekukhuleni okuzinzileyo kunye nokuzinza.
