Kua pāngia te mākete hiko photovoltaic (PV) e ngā hekenga tonu i ngā wā tata nei, e tohuhia ana e te take tonu o te nui rawa o te kaha o te ao. Nā tēnei raruraru ka whakaaroarohia ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga ā-mua me te kaha o te PV kia puta anō hei pokapū rangahau pūngao matua o te ao.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua tere haere ngā whanaketanga o te umanga PV i roto i tō tātou whenua, nā te maha o ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga i hangaia hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te PV e aro ana ki te mākete. Nā te hoahoa rautaki taumata-runga me te whakapau kaha ki ngā whāinga "Carbon Neutrality" me te "Carbon Peak" kua whakatakoto i tētahi reo tino tika mō te tere o te tipu o tā tātou umanga photovoltaic. Kei mua a Haina i te ao whānui i tēnei wā, e whakamanamana ana ki tōna pono puta noa i tana mekameka ahumahi, te kaha hanga teitei rawa atu, me te wāhi mākete nui rawa atu.
Kua tino pakari te pūkenga hangarau o te umanga whakaputa hiko PV o Haina i ngā tau tata nei, me te auaha tonu, ā, nō reira kua heke te utu o ngā whakaputa hiko PV. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga mō ngā marama tuatahi e waru o te tau 2023 i te pikinga nui o te hiko photovoltaic kua tāutahia o Haina, e piki ake ana i te 44.4% i ia tau. I kitea i tēnei wā he tere tipu whakakotahi o te 26.98% mai i te tau 2019 ki te 2023, e tohu ana i te ara piki tonu.
I ngā marama tuatahi e waru o te tau 2023 i tāpirihia ai te 113.16 GW o te kaha hou, he pikinga whakamiharo o te 68.69 GW mai i te tau i mua. E 57% pea o ngā kaha hou katoa tēnei, ā, mō te wā tuatahi i Haina, neke atu i te 100 miriona kirowati. I tua atu, ko te rekoata teitei o te 87.41 miriona kirowati o te kaha photovoltaic i tāpirihia i te tau 2022 i piki ake mā te 25 miriona kirowati i ngā marama tuatahi e waru o te tau 2023, tata ki te 30% te pikinga. I piki ake te tere tipu whakakotahi i waenga i te tau 2019-2023 ki te 50.28% whakamiharo, me te pupuri tonu i te ia pikinga.
I te aromatawai i te tuku a te umanga, he pakari te kaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic o Haina i tēnei wā. Nā te kaupapa here waro-rua a te motu i whakanui ake, kei te piki haere tonu te tuku. Kua whakahoutia e ngā matapae a te China Photovoltaic Industry Association ngā whakatau tata mō te kaha PV o te ao mai i te 280-330 GW ki te 305-350 GW mō te tau 2023. Ahakoa te puhoi o te ōhanga o te ao, ko te umanga PV tētahi o ngā mea torutoru e kite ana i te pikinga o te whai rawa me te tipu tere, e kukume ana i ngā tāngata hou me te whakapaipai whakawhiti-rohe. Heoi, ka whakanuia e tēnei whānui te wero o te mimiti i te tere o te urunga mai o te kaha hou i roto i te whānuitanga tono iti, e pana ana i te umanga ki tētahi wāhanga tere o te whakahounga kaha me te hanga anō.
E whakaatu ana ngā whanaketanga o te mākete kei te pupuri tonu te mana wera i tōna tūranga matua i roto i te whakaputa hiko ā-rohe, e kapi ana i te haurua o te mākete, i te mea kua piki haere te PV ki te 18.40%, ā, kua mau i te tūranga tuarua. Kei te piki haere tonu te tere o te whanaketanga PV.
Ahakoa he uaua tonu te ine i te hiahia mō te hiko o te rā, ko te whāinga a ngā paerewa o te ao o nāianei kia eke te kaha whakahou ki te 50% o te whakaputa hiko i te tau 2050. I nāianei, ko te 18.40% anake o te kaha whakahou o Haina, he tohu tēnei he nui te wāhi mō te tipu, ahakoa he roa te wā. Ki te whakaarohia te kaha o te whatunga hiko me te rokiroki hiko, i te tau 2030, neke atu i te 5,000 gigawatts o te kaha kua tāutahia ka hiahiatia pea, i runga i te whakatau tata nei ko te 1 kilowatt o te hiko photovoltaic ka whakaputa tata ki te 1,500 nekehanga me te kore e whakaarohia ngā here whatunga hiko. Heoi anō, ko te āhua o nāianei o te hangarau rokiroki hiko e tohu ana he nui te wāhi hei whakapai ake, e whakawhāiti ana i tōna whakamahinga tonu.
Ko te tirohanga whānui o te tuku me te tono e whakaatu ana i te taurite koretake. Ko te kaha whakaputa PV e tata ana ki te 1000 GW he nui ake i te tono a te umanga, ā, ka mutu ko te kaha nui rawa atu i tēnei tau. Heoi, ko te āwangawanga matua ka neke ki te heke mai o te PV, me te tumanako ka haere tonu te whakawhānui i te tuku. He mea nui, me te utu tika o te PV e hono ana ki te whatunga me ngā utu putea whaitake, e akiaki ana i tetahi kamupene hiko ki te hanga tipu hiko photovoltaic, he nui te pūmanawa o tēnei rāngai. Ko te tautoko kaupapa here tonu, me te whakataetae kaha o roto, ka akiaki i ngā panonitanga pakihi me ngā whanaketanga auaha, ā, mā reira ka whakatau i te huarahi o te umanga a meake nei.
Ngā Auahatanga Ahumahi Whānui:
Ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau:Mā ngā whanaketanga hangarau tonu ka akiaki i te auahatanga me te whakarei ake i te hangarau whakaputa hiko PV.
Te Rokiroki Pūngao me te Kaha o te Whatunga: He mea nui te whakapai ake me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau rokiroki pūngao, me te whakapakari ake i ngā kaha o te whatunga hiko, hei whakaiti i te wā poto o te whakaputa hiko PV me te whakarite i te pumau o te pūnaha hiko.
Te Hanganga o te Whatunga Atamai:Mā te hanga whatunga hiko atamai ka arotauhia te tohatoha rauemi hiko, ka poipoi i tētahi pūnaha hiko whai hua.
Tautoko Kaupapahere mō te Whakataetae Mākete: Ko ngā kaupapa a te Kāwanatanga e aro ana ki te whakatairanga i te whakaputa hiko PV ōrite e tohu ana i te nekehanga mai i te whakataetae e arohia ana e ngā kaupapahere ki te whakataetae e aro ana ki te mākete i roto i te umanga whakaputa hiko PV.
Te Whakawhiti Pūngao o te Ao:I te aroaro o te hekenga o te taiao o te ao me te korenga o ngā rauemi, ko te hiahia kia whakahoutia te pūnaha pūngao whānui e tautoko ana i te whakawhānui me te whakamahi i ngā puna pūngao hou. I te mea he iti ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana, he iti ngā tukunga waro, me te nui o te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga, kei te rite te hiko o te rā, inā koa ko te PV, mō te tere o te whanaketanga e hangai ana ki ngā whakahoutanga o te pūnaha pūngao.
Hei whakamutunga, ahakoa te uaua o te umanga PV ki te whakahaere i te kaha rawa me ngā wero o te mākete, he pai te āhua o tōna heke mai. Ko te auahatanga hangarau tonu, te whakahāngai kaupapa here, me ngā haumitanga rautaki ki ngā kaha rokiroki me te whatunga hiko ka whai hua nui ki te ārahi i te umanga ki te tipu me te pumau tonu.
