Yanzu, a Masana'antar Makamashi, ajiyar makamashi shine mafi shahara.
Larduna sama da goma sha biyu, ciki har da Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Anhui da Tibet, sun fitar da takardu da ke buƙatar a sanya wa cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana da iska tsarin adana makamashi.
Duk da cewa masana'antar makamashi ta daɗe tana fahimtar cewa "Ajiyar makamashi mafita ce mai inganci ga rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, da kuma canjin yanayi, don haɓaka amfani da makamashi da kuma rage raguwar farashi." Rage farashi mai zurfi ya sa wannan fa'idar ta fi bayyana, amma saboda fasaharta da kuma ƙarancin farashi da ya haifar da "An Nisanta ta." A yau, zaɓin gama gari na ƙarshe yana sa ajiyar makamashi ya zama abin alfahari.
Amma idan ajiyar makamashi zai kammala gagarumin sauyi daga "Icing on the cake" zuwa "Kasuwa ce kawai ake buƙata", ba wai kawai zai buƙaci ƙarin goyon bayan manufofi masu ƙarfi ba, a lokaci guda, ya kamata mu haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar ajiyar gani ta hanyar fasaha da sabbin samfura? Ta Yaya Za Ku Haɗa Mafi Kyawun Haɗawa? Waɗanne ƙalubalen haɗuwa ne? Duk waɗannan suna buƙatar a amsa su.
1. Waɗanne irin yanayi ne tsarin ya fi dacewa?
A halin yanzu, akwai tsare-tsare da yawa a kasuwa.
Tsarin haɗin Ac-gefen yana nufin ajiyar hasken rana da makamashi a cikin haɗin gefen AC, tsarin ajiyar makamashi za a iya haɗa shi da ɓangaren ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kuma ana iya haɗa shi da bas ɗin 10 kV～35 kV. Tsarin ya dace da babban tashar wutar lantarki ta gani, tsarin tsakiyar tsarin ajiyar makamashi, Sauƙin Gudanar da Aiki da aika grid ɗin wutar lantarki.
Tsarin haɗin gefen Dc yana nufin tsarin ajiyar makamashi da aka haɗa da gefen DC, canjin wutar lantarki tsakanin tsarin biyu ƙarancin hanyoyin haɗi, ƙarancin asarar makamashi, ƙarancin saka hannun jari na kayan aiki. A wannan yanayin, inverter na hasken rana zai buƙaci yin ajiyar hanyar ajiyar makamashi.
2. Ta yaya za a cimma haɗin 1 + 1 > 2?
Akwai hanyoyin haɗakarwa, amma haɗakarwa don cimma tasirin 1 + 1 > 2, amma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba.
Fasahar haɗakar haske ta fi rikitarwa. Tsarin haɗakarwa yana buƙatar tabbatar da aiki mai aminci da kwanciyar hankali na hasken rana, ajiyar makamashi da kuma hanyar sadarwa ta wutar lantarki, da kuma karya shingen da ke tsakanin kayan aiki, software da matakin tsarin.
Akwai na'urori da yawa a cikin tsarin haɗakar ajiya na gani, waɗanda ke buƙatar magance matsalar daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa tsakanin kayan aiki da software. Kayan aiki galibi suna fitowa ne daga masana'antun daban-daban, ƙirar tashar wutar lantarki, siyan kayan aiki, aiki, kula da wahalhalu da farashi zai ƙaru, kuma mafi mahimmanci, hanyar sadarwa tsakanin kayan aiki daban-daban ta bambanta, masu haɗa kayan aiki suna buƙatar sanin yarjejeniyoyi da hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban.
Saboda haka, haɗakar ajiyar haske ba haɗin zahiri ba ne na kayan aikin photovoltaic da kayan aikin adana makamashi, amma don dogaro da fasahar haɗakar zurfi don cimma tasirin 1 + 1 > 2. Waɗannan suna gwada ƙarfin haɗakar Mai Haɗawa sosai.
3. Matsalar haɗakar masana'antu ta bayyana ne ta hanyar gasa mai rahusa
Haɗin tsarin shine mabuɗin gina tashar wutar lantarki ta gani, amma akwai ƙalubale da yawa a fannin haɗakar gida.
A gefe guda, babu kamfanoni da yawa da ke da ƙarfin tsarin ajiyar na'urar gani. Ko dai haɗin fasaha ne ko haɗin tsarin kasuwanci, ajiyar makamashi a ƙasarmu har yanzu yana cikin farkon ci gaban masana'antu. Kamfanoni da yawa suna da ƙarfi a fannoni daban-daban kamar inverter na hasken rana, batirin ajiyar makamashi, PCS, EMS, da sauransu, amma kaɗan daga cikin kamfanoni ne ke da tsarin ajiyar na'urar gani da aka haɗa.
A gefe guda kuma, farashin da ake sayarwa a farashi mai rahusa ya ƙara yin tashin hankali, ƙananan farashi suna danne kamfanoni. A halin yanzu, farashin da ake sayarwa a ajiyar makamashi ya ragu daga yuan 2.15/Wh (farashin EPC) zuwa yuan 1.699/Wh (farashin EPC) a sabon ɓangaren makamashi na cikin gida, wannan farashin ya yi ƙasa da farashin da masana'antu suka amince da shi sosai.
Yanayi daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban ga tsarin adana makamashi, kuma babu wani tsari ɗaya tilo don ƙira da farashin tsarin adana makamashi, yana iya zama yanki mai launin toka cikin sauƙi.
"Yanzu kamfanoni suna yin tayin batura, kuma ma'aunin shine zagaye 6,000. Masana'antar ba ta da daidaitaccen ma'aunin kimantawa. Wasu masana'antun suna yin tayin ayyukan da ke da batura waɗanda ke da tsawon lokacin zagayowar da bai wuce zagaye 3,000 ba a farashi mai rahusa. Tabbas, ba za mu iya yin gogayya da su ba dangane da farashi," in ji wani babban mai kula da adana makamashi cikin sauƙi.
"Tabbas, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren haɗakar tsarin adana makamashi shine kula da tsaro na ɓangaren DC, wato, kula da tsaro na tsarin batirin, wanda ke buƙatar cikakken tsarin kariyar tsarin," in ji majiyar. Tantanin halitta, module, tarin baturi, kula da tsarin baturi, matakan guda huɗu suna da alaƙa, kyakkyawan ƙirar kariyar tsarin, na iya sanin yanayin aikinsu a ainihin lokaci, na iya yin gargaɗin farko na kuskure, idan matsala ta faru, yana iya aiwatar da kariyar mataki-mataki da kariyar haɗin kai cikin sauri.
In ba haka ba, ƙananan kurakurai na iya rikidewa zuwa manyan matsaloli cikin sauƙi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sama da haɗuran gobara 30 sun faru a Koriya ta Kudu, mafi yawan dalilan sune lahani na ƙirar tsarin lantarki, tsarin kariya wanda gazawar ta haifar.
Gwajin bai ƙare a nan ba, akwai matsalolin rayuwar batirin, dole ne a sami tsarin kula da zafin jiki na ajiyar makamashi. Kwaikwayon zafi mai tsauri da kuma tabbatar da gwaji, ƙirar bututun iska na kwantena na ajiyar makamashi, tsarin wutar lantarki na kwantena da sauransu, waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin ba a sarrafa su sosai ba kuma an tsara su, yana da sauƙi ya haifar da rashin daidaiton zafin batirin lithium a cikin akwati, yana ƙara ta'azzara rashin daidaiton tantanin halitta.
Marubucin ya ci karo da tsarin adana makamashi na 4H, lokacin da bambancin zafin jiki na tantanin halitta ya kai 22℃, ba wai kawai yana shafar rayuwar batirin ba, har ma yana ƙara haɗarin aiki da tashar wutar lantarki ta adana makamashi.
4. Ta yaya za a iya sarrafa tsarin adana makamashi yadda ya kamata?
Tun daga zaɓin tsari zuwa haɗakar tsarin, aiki mai aminci da kuma fa'idar da ta fi dacewa ga tsarin adana makamashi gaba ɗaya suna da alaƙa da aiki da kuma kula da tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin tattalin arziki na tashar wutar lantarki ta gargajiya, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa batura da na'urorin canzawa a tashar wutar lantarki ta ajiya lokacin da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na gani ke aiki, ta wannan hanyar, za a iya inganta aminci da tattalin arzikin dukkan tashar wutar lantarki.
Nan ne muhimmancin EMS (Tsarin Gudanar da Makamashi-RRB-, kwakwalwar mai hankali ta masana'antar adana kayan gani, ya shigo. Ta yaya ajiyar makamashi ke aiki tare da tsarin photovoltaic da grid ɗin wutar lantarki? Nawa batirin da kansa zai caji, yadda ake caji, da kuma yadda ake tabbatar da aminci? Duk waɗannan suna buƙatar saitin EMS mai hankali da inganci don Gudanar da Haɗaɗɗiya.
Idan aka ɗauki sassauta tsarin hasken rana a matsayin misali, tsarin adana makamashi zai iya dogara ne akan sarrafa sassauta fitarwa na hasken rana na samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, saita sigogin sassautawa, EMS ta ɗauki sigogin sassautawa a matsayin manufar sarrafawa, ana amfani da ikon caji da fitarwa cikin sauri ga tsarin adana makamashi, don haka ƙarfin fitarwa na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki yana cikin kewayon canjin da aka saita.
A halin yanzu, aikin da ya fi girma a masana'antar shine EMS mai wayo bisa hasashen wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic da halayen amsawar millisecond na ajiyar makamashi don cimma nasarar sarrafa tsarin photovoltaic cikin sauƙi, don rage tasirin wutar lantarki, inganta kwanciyar hankali da amincin aikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, an gina hanyar haɗin millisecond cikin sauri tsakanin BMS, PCS da EMS don kare batirin da dukkan tsarin.
Bugu da ƙari, EMS mai wayo na zamani kuma zai iya cimma Gudanar da Integrated Digital mai amfani da makamashi mai yawa, cikakken rufe gashi, watsawa, rarrabawa, tare da cikakken yanayin.
