Ngoku, kwiCandelo leMicimbi yaMandla, indawo yokugcina amandla yeyona idumileyo.
Amaphondo angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, aquka iShandong, iShanxi, iXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, iAnhui kunye neTibet, akhuphe amaxwebhu afuna ukuba izitishi zamandla elanga nawomoya zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokugcina amandla.
Nangona imboni yamandla sele iqaphele ukuba "ukugcinwa kwamandla sisisombululo esisebenzayo kwilanga, amandla omoya kunye nokuguquguquka, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa." Ukuncitshiswa kwamaxabiso okunzulu kwenza le nzuzo ibonakale ngakumbi, kodwa ngenxa yetekhnoloji yayo kunye nemida yeendleko kukhokelele ekubeni "ithintelwe". Namhlanje, ukhetho olusemthethweni oludibeneyo ekugqibeleni lwenza ukugcinwa kwamandla kube neqhayiya.
Kodwa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamandla kuza kugqiba utshintsho olukhulu ukusuka kwi-"Icing on the cake" ukuya kwi-"Feasy by the market", akuyi kufuna nje inkxaso ecacileyo neqinileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo, kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka sikhuthaze uphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo ngobuchwepheshe kunye nokuvelisa imveliso entsha? Uyidibanisa njani kakuhle? Ziziphi iingxaki zokudibana? Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka ziphendulwe.
1. Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo?
Okwangoku, kukho ikakhulu iinkqubo ezithengiswayo.
Iskimu sokudibanisa icala le-Ac sibhekisa kwi-photovoltaic kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuqhagamshelo lwecala le-AC, inkqubo yokugcina amandla inokudityaniswa kwicala le-voltage ephantsi, ingadityaniswa nebhasi ye-10 kV～35 kV. Le skimu ifanelekile kwisikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla esikhulu, uyilo oluphakathi lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla, uLawulo oluLula lokuSebenza kunye nokuthunyelwa kwegridi yamandla.
Iskimu sokudibanisa icala le-Dc sibhekisa kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla eqhagamshelwe kwicala le-DC, ukuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini kuncinci amakhonkco, ilahleko ephantsi yamandla, utyalo-mali oluncinci lwezixhobo. Kule meko, i-inverter yelanga kuya kufuneka igcine indawo yokugcina amandla.
2. Ungayifumana njani intsebenziswano ye-1 + 1 > 2?
Kukho izisombululo zokudibanisa, kodwa ukuhlanganisa ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo se-1 + 1 > 2, kodwa akulula.
Itekhnoloji ye-optical fusion iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Inkqubo yokudibanisa kufuneka iqinisekise ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kwe-photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye negridi yamandla, kunye nokugqobhoza imiqobo phakathi kwehardware, isoftware kunye nenqanaba lenkqubo.
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-optical storage fusion, ekufuneka isombulule ingxaki yokuhambelana kwe-interface phakathi kwehardware kunye nesoftware. Izixhobo zihlala zivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo, uyilo lwezityalo zamandla, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kobunzima kunye neendleko kuya kwanda, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ujongano lonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo lwahlukile, abahlanganisi kufuneka baqhelane nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-interfaces.
Ngoko ke, i-optical storage fusion ayisiyondibaniselwano elula ebonakalayo yezixhobo ze-photovoltaic kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amandla, kodwa ixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe be-deep fusion ukufezekisa isiphumo se-1 + 1 > 2. Ezi zivavanya kakhulu amandla okudibanisa kwe-Integrator.
3. Ingxaki yokuhlanganiswa kweshishini ivele ngenxa yokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso aphantsi
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yeyona nto iphambili ekwakhiweni kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina umbane, kodwa kukho imingeni emininzi kwicandelo lokuhlanganiswa kwekhaya.
Kwelinye icala, azikho iinkampani ezininzi ezinobuchule obudibeneyo benkqubo yokugcina i-optical. Nokuba kukudibana kwetekhnoloji okanye ukudibana kwemodeli yeshishini, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwilizwe lethu kusekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Amashishini amaninzi anamandla kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-solar inverter, iibhetri zokugcina amandla, i-PCS, i-EMS, njl.njl., kodwa zimbalwa iinkampani ezineenkqubo zokugcina i-optical ezidibeneyo.
Kwelinye icala, ukubhida ngamaxabiso aphantsi kuye kwaba nzima ngakumbi, amashishini athintelwe ziindleko eziphantsi. Okwangoku, ixabiso lokubhida lokugcina amandla liye lehla ukusuka kwi-2.15 yuan/Wh (ixabiso le-EPC) ukuya kwi-1.699 yuan/Wh (ixabiso le-EPC) kwicala lamandla amatsha asekhaya, eli xabiso libe ngaphantsi kakhulu kwexabiso leendleko elaziwayo kushishino.
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, kwaye akukho mgangatho udibeneyo woyilo kunye neendleko zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla, inokuba yindawo engwevu ngokulula.
“Ngoku iinkampani zibhida iibhetri, kwaye umgangatho yi-6,000 cycles. Eli shishini alinawo umgangatho wovavanyo oludibeneyo. Abanye abavelisi babhida iiprojekthi ezineebhetri ezinobomi bomjikelo obungaphantsi kwe-3,000 cycles ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Kakade ke, asinakukhuphisana nabo ngokwexabiso,” utshilo ingcali yokugcina amandla ephezulu engenakuzinceda.
“Ewe kona, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekudityanisweni kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kulawulo lokhuseleko lwecala le-DC, oko kukuthi, ulawulo lokhuseleko lwenkqubo yebhetri, olufuna uyilo olupheleleyo lokhuseleko lwenkqubo,” uqhube watsho umthombo. Iseli, imodyuli, iqela lebhetri, ulawulo lwenkqubo yebhetri, amanqanaba amane axhumene, uyilo oluhle lokhuseleko lwenkqubo, lunokwazi imeko yokusebenza kwawo ngexesha langempela, lunokwenza impazamo isilumkiso kwangethuba, ukuba kukho impazamo, lunokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenyathelo ngenyathelo kunye nokhuseleko olukhawulezayo lokunxibelelana.
Ngaphandle koko, ukusilela okuncinci kunokujika kube ziingxaki ezinkulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingozi zomlilo ezingaphezu kwama-30 zenzeke eMzantsi Korea, uninzi lwezizathu zeziphene zoyilo lwenkqubo yombane, inkqubo yokhuseleko ebangelwa kukusilela.
Uvavanyo alupheleli apho, kukho imiba yobomi bebhetri, kufuneka kubekho uyilo lwenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bokugcina amandla. Ukulinganisa okungqongqo kobushushu kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo, uyilo lwemibhobho yomoya yezikhongozeli zokugcina amandla, ulungiselelo lwamandla omoya opholileyo njalo njalo, ezi khonkco azilawulwa kwaye zenzelwe ngokungqongqo, kulula ukukhokelela ekungalinganini kobushushu beebhetri ze-lithium ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli, okwenza kube nzima ukuzinza kweseli.
Umbhali udibene nenkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-4H, xa umahluko wobushushu beseli ufikelele kwi-22℃, awuchaphazeli nje kakhulu ubomi bebhetri, kodwa ukwanyusa nomngcipheko wokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla.
4. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zingalawulwa njani ngokufanelekileyo?
Ukususela ekukhethweni kweskimu ukuya ekudityanisweni kwenkqubo, ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nenzuzo efanelekileyo yenkqubo yokugcina amandla iyonke kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yonke.
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yesiqhelo yokuthumela umbane kwezoqoqosho, ulawulo olusebenzayo lweebhetri kunye nee-converters kwisikhululo samandla sokugcina kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo xa inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane wokugcina isetyenziswa, ngale ndlela, ukhuseleko kunye noqoqosho lwesikhululo samandla siphela lunokuphuculwa.
Kulapho ke ukubaluleka kwe-EMS (iNkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla-RRB-, ingqondo ekrelekrele yesityalo sokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo, kungena khona. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kusebenza njani kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic kunye neegridi zamandla? Ibhetri ngokwayo kufuneka itshaje malini, itshaje njani, iqinisekise njani ukhuseleko? Zonke ezi zinto zifuna iseti ye-EMS ekrelekrele nesebenzayo yoLawulo oluDibeneyo.
Ukuthatha ukuthambisa inkqubo ye-photovoltaic njengomzekelo, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ingasekelwa kulawulo lokuthambisa imveliso ye-photovoltaic yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic, usete iparameter yokuthambisa, i-EMS ithatha iparameter yokuthambisa njengenjongo yokulawula, ulawulo lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha lusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokugcina umbane, ukuze amandla okukhupha enkqubo yokuvelisa umbane abe kuluhlu lwesantya esimiselweyo sotshintsho.
Okwangoku, indlela ekhulileyo yokusebenza kushishino kukuba i-smart EMS esekelwe kuqikelelo lwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye neempawu zempendulo ye-millisecond yokugcina amandla ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olugudileyo lweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic, ukunciphisa impembelelo kwigridi yamandla, ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla. Kwangaxeshanye, kwakhiwa indlela yokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza ye-millisecond phakathi kwe-BMS, i-PCS kunye ne-EMS ukukhusela ibhetri kunye nenkqubo yonke.
Ukongeza, i-EMS ekrelekrele ephucukileyo inokukwazi ukufezekisa ulawulo oludibeneyo lwedijithali olunamandla amaninzi, ukugubungela iinwele, ukudluliselwa, ukusasazwa, kunye nomboniso opheleleyo.
