I tēnei wā, ko te rokiroki pūngao te mea tino rongonui i roto i te umanga pūngao.
Neke atu i te tekau mā rua ngā kawanatanga, tae atu ki a Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Mongolia o Roto, Anhui me Tibet, kua whakaputa tuhinga e hiahia ana kia whakauruhia ngā tipu hiko o te rā me te hau ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko.
Ahakoa kua roa te umanga pūngao e mōhio ana "He otinga whai hua te rokiroki pūngao ki te whakaroa me te hurihuri o te pūngao o te rā, te hau, me te hikohiko, hei whakatairanga i te whakamahinga pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakaiti." Nā te whakahekenga utu nui i nui ake ai te kitea o tēnei painga, engari nā te hangarau me ngā herenga utu i "whakakorehia". I tēnei rā, kei te whakahīhī te kōwhiringa whānui a te hunga whai mana ki te rokiroki pūngao.
Engari, ki te mea ko te penapena pūngao hei whakaoti i te whakawhiti whakamiharo mai i te "Airangi i runga i te keke" ki te "E hiahiatia ana e te mākete", ehara i te mea me nui ake te tautoko kaupapa here mārama me te kaha, engari me whakatairanga hoki i te whanaketanga o te umanga rokiroki whatu mā te hangarau me te auahatanga hua? Me pēhea te whakaranu pai? He aha ngā wero o te huihuinga? Me whakautu katoa ēnei.
1. He aha ngā āhuatanga pūnaha noa?
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa kei runga i te mākete.
Ko te kaupapa hononga taha-AC e pā ana ki te rokiroki hiko photovoltaic me te pūngao i roto i te hononga taha AC, ka taea te hono i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ki te taha ngaohiko iti, ka taea hoki te hono ki te pahi 10 kV ~ 35 kV. He pai te kaupapa mō te teihana hiko rokiroki whatu nui, te whakatakotoranga pokapū o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, te Whakahaere Whakahaere Māmā me te tuku whatunga hiko.
Ko te kaupapa hononga taha-DC e pā ana ki te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao e hono ana ki te taha DC, ka iti ake ngā hononga ka hurihia te mana i waenga i ngā pūnaha e rua, ka iti ake te ngaronga pūngao, ka iti ake te haumi taputapu. I tēnei horopaki, me rāhui e te kaitahuri hiko rā he atanga rokiroki pūngao.
2. Me pēhea te whakatutuki i te whakaurunga o te 1 + 1 > 2?
He otinga hanumi kei reira, engari he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te pānga o te 1 + 1 > 2 mā te hanumi.
He uaua ake te hangarau hanumi whatu. Me whakarite e te pūnaha whakauru te mahi haumaru me te pumau o te photovoltaic, te rokiroki pūngao me te whatunga hiko, me te wawahi i ngā arai i waenga i te taputapu, te pūmanawa me te taumata pūnaha.
He maha ngā taputapu i roto i te pūnaha whakakotahi rokiroki whatu, me whakaoti te raruraru hototahi atanga i waenga i te taputapu me te pūmanawa. He maha ngā wā ka ahu mai ngā taputapu i ngā kaihanga rerekē, ka piki ake ngā uauatanga me ngā utu mō te hoahoa o ngā tipu hiko, te hoko taputapu, te whakahaere, te tiaki, ā, ko te mea nui, he rerekē te atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā taputapu rerekē, me mōhio ngā kaiwhakauru ki ngā kawa me ngā atanga rerekē.
Nō reira, ehara te whakakotahitanga rokiroki whatu i te whakakotahitanga ā-tinana noa o ngā taputapu photovoltaic me ngā taputapu rokiroki pūngao, engari me whakawhirinaki ki te hangarau whakakotahitanga hohonu hei whakatutuki i te pānga o te 1 + 1 > 2. Ka tino whakamātautauhia e ēnei te kaha whakauru o te Kaiwhakauru.
3. I puta mai te raruraru whakauru ahumahi mā te whakataetae utu iti
Ko te whakaurunga pūnaha te mea nui ki te hanganga o te teihana hiko rokiroki whatu, engari he maha ngā wero i roto i te mara whakaurunga ā-rohe.
I tētahi taha, kāore i te maha ngā umanga he pūnaha rokiroki whatu kua whakauruhia. Ahakoa he whakakotahitanga hangarau, he whakakotahitanga tauira pakihi rānei, kei te tīmatanga tonu te whanaketanga ahumahi o te rokiroki pūngao i tō tātou whenua. He maha ngā umanga e kaha ana i roto i ngā mara takitahi pēnei i te inverter solar, ngā pākahiko rokiroki pūngao, PCS, EMS, me ētahi atu, engari he iti noa iho ngā kamupene kua whakauruhia ngā pūnaha rokiroki whatu.
I tētahi atu taha, kua kaha haere te tono utu iti, ā, kua herea ngā umanga e ngā utu iti. I tēnei wā, kua heke te utu tono mō te rokiroki pūngao mai i te 2.15 yuan/Wh (utu EPC) ki te 1.699 yuan/Wh (utu EPC) i te taha pūngao hou o te motu, he iti rawa tēnei utu i te utu utu e mōhiotia ana e te umanga.
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ā, kāore he paerewa kotahi mō te hoahoa me te utu o ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, ka ngāwari noa iho te noho hei wāhi pōuri.
"Ināianei kei te tono tono ngā kamupene mō ngā pākahiko, ā, ko te paerewa he 6,000 huringa. Kāore he paerewa aromatawai kotahi a te umanga. Kei te tono tono ētahi kaihanga mō ngā kaupapa me ngā pākahiko he iti iho i te 3,000 huringa te roa o te huringa i ngā utu iti. Ae, kāore e taea e mātou te whakataetae ki a rātou i runga i te utu," te kī a tētahi tohunga rokiroki pūngao matua me te kore āwhina.
"Ko te mea nui rawa atu o te whakaurunga pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ko te whakahaere haumaru o te taha DC, arā, ko te whakahaere haumaru o te pūnaha pākahiko, e hiahia ana kia tino oti te hoahoa tiaki pūnaha," te kōrero tonu a te puna. Ko te whakahaere pūtau, kōwae, tautau pākahiko, pūnaha pākahiko, e hono ana ngā taumata e whā, he pai te hoahoa tiaki pūnaha, ka taea te mōhio ki te āhua o tā rātou mahi i te wā tūturu, ka taea te whakatūpato wawe i te hapa, ki te puta he hapa, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te tiaki taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa me te tiaki hononga tere.
Ki te kore, ka taea e ngā hapa iti te huri hei raruraru nui. I ngā tau tata nei, neke atu i te 30 ngā aituā ahi i puta i Kōrea ki te Tonga, ko te nuinga o ngā take he hapa hoahoa pūnaha hiko, he pūnaha tiaki i puta mai i te hapa.
Kāore te whakamātautau e mutu i reira, kei reira ngā raruraru o te ora o te pākahiko, me whai hoahoa pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana rokiroki pūngao. Mā te whakatauira wera me te manatoko whakamātautau pakari, te hoahoa paipa hau o ngā ipu rokiroki pūngao, te whirihoranga hiko hauhautanga me ētahi atu, kāore ēnei hononga i te tino whakahaerehia, i te hoahoatia hoki, ka ngāwari te arahi ki te kore taurite o te pāmahana o ngā pākahiko lithium i roto i te ipu, ka whakanui ake i te kore pumau o te pūtau.
Kua tūtaki te kaituhi ki tētahi pūnaha rokiroki pūngao 4H, ina eke te rerekētanga pāmahana o te pūtau ki te 22℃, ehara i te mea ka pā kino ki te roa o te pākahiko, engari ka whakapiki ake hoki i te mōrearea o te whakahaere o te tipu hiko rokiroki pūngao.
4. Me pēhea te whakahaere pai i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao?
Mai i te kōwhiringa kaupapa ki te whakaurunga pūnaha, ko te whakahaere haumaru me te painga tino pai o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao katoa e pā tata ana ki te whakahaere me te whakahaere o te pūnaha katoa.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tikanga tuku iho o te tipu hiko, me whai whakaaro nui ki te whakahaere whai hua o ngā pākahiko me ngā kaitahuri i roto i te tipu hiko rokiroki ina tukuna ana te pūnaha whakaputa hiko rokiroki whatu, mā tēnei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te haumaru me te ōhanga o te tipu hiko katoa.
Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai te hiranga o te EMS (Energy Management System-RRB-), te roro atamai o te tipu rokiroki whatu. Me pēhea te mahi a te rokiroki pūngao me ngā pūnaha photovoltaic me ngā whatunga hiko? E hia te utu e tika ana kia utua e te pākahiko, me pēhea te utu, me pēhea te whakarite i te haumaru? Me whai huinga EMS atamai, whai hua hoki ēnei katoa mō te Whakahaere Whakauru.
Hei tauira, ko te whakangawari i te pūnaha photovoltaic ka taea te hanga i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao i runga i te mana whakahaere whakangawari putanga photovoltaic o te whakaputanga mana photovoltaic, ka whakatakoto i te tawhā whakangawari, ka tangohia e te EMS te tawhā whakangawari hei whāinga whakahaere, ka whakamahia te mana whakahaere utu me te tuku tere ki te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, kia noho ai te mana putanga o te pūnaha whakaputa mana ki roto i te awhe o te tere huringa kua whakaritea.
I tēnei wā, ko te mahi kua tino pakari ake i roto i te umanga ko te EMS atamai e ahu mai ana i te matapae hiko photovoltaic me ngā āhuatanga urupare mirihekona rokiroki hiko hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere maeneene o ngā pūnaha photovoltaic, hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te whatunga hiko, hei whakapai ake i te pumau me te pono o te mahi whatunga hiko. I taua wā anō, i hangaia he tikanga hononga tere mirihekona i waenga i te BMS, PCS me te EMS hei tiaki i te pākahiko me te pūnaha katoa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki e te EMS atamai matatau te whakatutuki i te Whakahaere Whakauru Mamati maha-pūngao, he kapinga whānui o te makawe, te tuku, te tohatoha, me te tirohanga katoa.
