Manje, embonini yamandla, indawo yokugcina amandla yiyona ethandwa kakhulu.
Izifundazwe ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa iShandong, iShanxi, iXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, i-Anhui kanye neTibet, zikhiphe amadokhumenti adinga ukuthi iziteshi zamandla elanga nawomoya zifakwe izinhlelo zokugcina amandla.
Nakuba imboni yamandla ibilokhu iqaphela ukuthi “Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyisisombululo esisebenzayo sokuphazamiseka kwamandla elanga, umoya kanye nokuguquguquka, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukuncishiswa.” Ukwehliswa kwentengo okujulile kwenza le nzuzo ivelele kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo kanye nemikhawulo yezindleko kuholele ekutheni “igwenywe.” Namuhla, ukukhetha okusemthethweni okuhlangene ekugcineni kwenza ukugcinwa kwamandla kuziqhenye.
Kodwa uma isitoreji samandla sizoqeda ushintsho oluhle kakhulu kusukela ku-"Icing on the cake" kuya ku-"Just need by the market", ngeke nje sidinge ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okucacile nokuqinile, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele sikhuthaze intuthuko yemboni yokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula imikhiqizo? Uhlanganisa Kanjani Kangcono Kakhulu? Yiziphi izinselele zokuhlangana? Zonke lezi zidinga ukuphendulwa.
1. Yiziphi izimo ezivamile zesistimu?
Okwamanje, kunezinhlelo eziningi emakethe.
Uhlelo lokuxhumanisa ohlangothini lwe-Ac lubhekisela kusitoreji se-photovoltaic kanye namandla ekuxhumekeni ohlangothini lwe-AC, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungaxhunywa ohlangothini olune-voltage ephansi, lungaxhunywa futhi kubhasi elingu-10 kV～35 kV. Lolu hlelo lufanele isiteshi samandla sokugcina amandla esikhulu, ukwakheka okuphakathi kwesistimu yokugcina amandla, Ukuphathwa Kokusebenza Okulula kanye nokuthunyelwa kwegridi yamandla.
Uhlelo lokuxhumanisa ohlangothini lwe-Dc lubhekisela ohlelweni lokugcina amandla oluxhunywe ohlangothini lwe-DC, ukuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili izixhumanisi ezimbalwa, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuphansi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kwemishini. Kulesi simo, i-solar inverter kuzodingeka ibhukhe indawo yokugcina amandla.
2. Ungakufeza kanjani ukuhlanganiswa kwe-1 + 1 > 2?
Kunezixazululo zokuhlanganisa, kodwa ukuhlanganisa ukufeza umphumela we-1 + 1 > 2, kodwa akulula.
Ubuchwepheshe be-optical fusion buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa ludinga ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwe-photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla kanye negridi yamandla, kanye nokugqashula izithiyo phakathi kwehadiwe, isofthiwe kanye nezinga lesistimu.
Kunamadivayisi amaningi ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa isitoreji se-optical, adinga ukuxazulula inkinga yokuhambisana kwesikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwehadiwe nesofthiwe. Imishini ivame ukuvela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, ukwakheka kwesitshalo samandla, ukuthengwa kwemishini, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kobunzima nezindleko kuzokwanda, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isikhombimsebenzisi sokuxhumana phakathi kwemishini ehlukene sihlukile, abahlanganisi kudingeka bajwayelane nezinqubo kanye nezikhombimsebenzisi ezahlukene.
Ngakho-ke, i-optical storage fusion akuyona inhlanganisela elula ebonakalayo yemishini ye-photovoltaic kanye nemishini yokugcina amandla, kodwa incike kubuchwepheshe be-deep fusion ukuze kufezwe umphumela we-1 + 1 > 2. Lokhu kuhlola kakhulu amandla okuhlanganisa e-Integrator.
3. Inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwemboni ivele ngokuncintisana ngamanani aphansi
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu kuyisihluthulelo sokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi sokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa kunezinselele eziningi emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwasekhaya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikho izinkampani eziningi ezinekhono elihlanganisiwe lesistimu yokugcina optical. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlangana kwemodeli yebhizinisi, ukugcina amandla ezweni lethu kusesezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko yezimboni. Amabhizinisi amaningi aqinile emikhakheni ngayinye njenge-solar inverter, amabhethri okugcina amandla, i-PCS, i-EMS, njll., kodwa izinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela ezinezinhlelo zokugcina optical ezihlanganisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubhida ngamanani aphansi kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu, amabhizinisi avinjelwa yizindleko eziphansi. Njengamanje, intengo yokubhida yokugcina amandla yehlisiwe kusuka ku-2.15 yuan/Wh (intengo ye-EPC) kuya ku-1.699 yuan/Wh (intengo ye-EPC) ohlangothini lwamandla amasha asekhaya, le ntengo ibiphansi kakhulu kunentengo yezindleko eqashelwa embonini.
Izimo ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, futhi ayikho indinganiso ehlanganisiwe yokuklama kanye nezindleko zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, ingaba indawo engwevu kalula.
“Manje izinkampani zibhida ngamabhethri, futhi indinganiso iyimijikelezo engu-6,000. Imboni ayinayo indinganiso yokuhlola ehlanganisiwe. Abanye abakhiqizi babhida amaphrojekthi anamabhethri anempilo yomjikelezo engaphansi kwemijikelezo engu-3,000 ngamanani aphansi. Vele, asikwazi ukuncintisana nawo ngokwentengo,” kusho isazi esiphezulu sokugcina amandla esingenakusiza.
"Yebo, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla ukuphathwa kokuphepha kohlangothi lwe-DC, okungukuthi, ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwesistimu yebhethri, okudinga umklamo wokuvikela uhlelo oluphelele kakhulu," kusho umthombo. Iseli, imodyuli, iqoqo lebhethri, ukuphathwa kwesistimu yebhethri, amazinga amane axhumene, umklamo omuhle wokuvikela uhlelo, ukwazi isimo sawo sokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, kungenza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi, uma kwenzeka iphutha, kungaphinde kufeze ukuvikelwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nokuvikelwa kokuxhuma okusheshayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwehluleka okuncane kungaphenduka kalula kube izinkinga ezinkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwenzeke izingozi zomlilo ezingaphezu kuka-30 eNingizimu Korea, iningi lezizathu ukukhubazeka komklamo wohlelo lukagesi, uhlelo lokuvikela olubangelwa ukwehluleka.
Ukuhlolwa akugcini lapho, kunezinkinga zokuphila kwebhethri, kumele kube nomklamo wohlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa lokugcina amandla. Ukulingisa ukushisa okuqinile kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlola, umklamo wemibhobho yomoya yeziqukathi zokugcina amandla, ukumiswa kwamandla omoya opholile nokunye, lezi zixhumanisi azilawulwa futhi aziklanywanga ngokuqinile, kulula ukuholela ekungalinganini kwezinga lokushisa kwamabhethri e-lithium ngaphakathi kwesitsha, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukungazinzi kweseli.
Umbhali uhlangabezane nesistimu yokugcina amandla engu-4H, lapho umehluko wokushisa weseli ufinyelela ku-22℃, awugcini nje ngokuphazamisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri, kodwa futhi wandisa nengozi yokusebenza kwesitshalo samandla okugcina amandla.
4. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zingaphathwa kanjani ngendlela ephumelelayo?
Kusukela ekukhethweni kohlelo kuya ekuhlanganisweni kohlelo, ukusebenza okuphephile kanye nenzuzo ephelele yohlelo lonke lokugcina amandla kuhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza nokuphathwa kohlelo lonke.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yendabuko yokuthumela ugesi kwezomnotho, ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwamabhethri kanye nama-converter esiteshini samandla sokugcina kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele lapho uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kukagesi lwesitoreji se-optical luqala ukusebenza, ngale ndlela, ukuphepha kanye nomnotho wesiteshi samandla sonke kungathuthukiswa.
Yilapho ukubaluleka kwe-EMS (Energy Management System-RRB-), ubuchopho obuhlakaniphile besitshalo sokugcina ama-optical, kungena khona. Isitoreji samandla sisebenza kanjani nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kanye namagridi kagesi? Ibhethri ngokwalo kufanele lishaje malini, lishaje kanjani, liqinisekise kanjani ukuphepha? Konke lokhu kudinga isethi ye-EMS ehlakaniphile nephumelelayo yokuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe.
Uma sithatha ukushelela kohlelo lwe-photovoltaic njengesibonelo, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasekelwa ekulawuleni ukushelela kokukhipha kwe-photovoltaic kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, setha ipharamitha yokushelela, i-EMS ithatha ipharamitha yokushelela njengomgomo wokulawula, ukushaja okusheshayo nokulawula ukukhipha kusetshenziswa ohlelweni lokugcina amandla, ukuze amandla okukhipha kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla abe sebangeni lesilinganiso sokushintsha esibekiwe.
Njengamanje, umkhuba ovuthiwe embonini ukuthi i-EMS ehlakaniphile esekelwe ekubikezelweni kwamandla e-photovoltaic kanye nezici zokuphendula kwe-millisecond yokugcina amandla ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okubushelelezi kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, ukunciphisa umthelela kugridi yamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa indlela yokuxhumanisa okusheshayo kwe-millisecond phakathi kwe-BMS, i-PCS kanye ne-EMS ukuvikela ibhethri kanye nohlelo lonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EMS ehlakaniphile ethuthukisiwe ingaphinde ifinyelele ukuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe kwedijithali okunamandla amaningi, ukumbozwa okuphelele kwezinwele, ukudluliselwa, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nendawo ephelele.
