Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub zog, kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, ua ib qho thev naus laus zis huv thiab rov ua dua tshiab, maj mam dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Hauv tsab ntawv no, peb yuav tham txog cov ntsiab cai, cov khoom siv ntawm lub kaw lus, cov chaw siv thiab cov qauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm kev siv tshuab tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic.
Ua ntej, txoj cai ntawm photovoltaic fais fab tiam
Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog raws li cov nyhuv photovoltaic, uas yog, thaum lub hnub ci ci rau cov khoom siv semiconductor, photons cuam tshuam nrog cov electrons hauv cov khoom siv, yog li cov electrons tau txais lub zog txaus kom dim, tsim cov photovoltaic tam sim no. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog lub photovoltaic cell, uas feem ntau muaj ob txheej ntawm ntau hom semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv, xws li p-hom semiconductors (nrog ntau qhov) thiab n-hom semiconductors (nrog ntau electrons dawb). Hauv qab lub teeb, photons raug nqus thiab cov khub electron-qhov raug tso tawm. Vim yog lub tshav hluav taws xob hauv semiconductor, cov electrons thiab qhov raug sib cais rau ob sab ntawm pn junction, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv thiab tam sim no hluav taws xob, uas ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ncaj qha ntawm lub zog hnub ci mus rau hauv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov photovoltaic cells, feem ntau siv poly-crystalline silicon, mono-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thiab lwm yam khoom siv sib txawv siv hauv kev tsim cov photovoltaic cells, tab sis kuj siv cov thev naus laus zis ntau theem, thev naus laus zis optical enrichment, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev nqus lub teeb thiab kev sau cov electrons.
Qhov thib ob, cov qauv ntawm lub zog fais fab photovoltaic
Vaj huam sib luag hnub ci:Raws li lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub ci ua hluav taws xob ncaj qha, muaj ntau lub hnub ci cell, txhua lub hnub ci cell yog ua los ntawm silicon, phosphorus, boron thiab lwm yam khoom siv semiconductor. Thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, nws tuaj yeem hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Nws cov xim feem ntau yog xiav lossis dub.
Inverter:Lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov lub zog DC uas tsim los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci mus rau hauv lub zog AC uas ua tau raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub network lossis rau kev siv ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub inverter feem ntau muaj kev tswj lub teeb, kev tswj lub zog, kev tiv thaiv qhov txhaum thiab lwm yam haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Tus Tswj:Ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob PV, nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov txheej txheem them thiab tso tawm ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci thiab roj teeb, thiab tib lub sijhawm saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm lub inverter hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, yog li ntawd thiaj li paub txog kev faib tawm tsim nyog thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo.
Lub roj teeb pob:Nws yog siv los khaws cov hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci fais fab, thiab muab kev pabcuam fais fab tas mus li thiab ruaj khov rau lub kaw lus thaum cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci tsis tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob (piv txwv li thaum hmo ntuj, hnub huab, thiab lwm yam). Cov hom roj teeb feem ntau suav nrog cov roj teeb lead-acid, cov roj teeb nickel-cadmium, cov roj teeb lithium-ion, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Tso Khoom:Raws li cov qauv txhawb nqa ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txhuas hlau, stainless hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cua, kev poob siab, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lwm yam ntxwv, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ntau qhov chaw nyuaj. Qhov chaw mounting ntawm lub bracket feem ntau yog xaiv rau ntawm lub ru tsev, phab ntsa, chaw nres tsheb, thiab lwm yam ntawm lub tsev, uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm thauj khoom zoo thiab ruaj khov.
Cov Cables:Hauv cov tshuab PV, cov cables siv rau kev xa hluav taws xob, kev xa cov teeb liab thiab kev txuas cov khoom siv saib xyuas chaw deb. Cov cables feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab lossis txhuas, nrog kev coj hluav taws xob zoo thiab tiv taus kub siab, thiab yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li cov lus qhia hluav taws xob kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm hluav taws xob.
Qhov thib peb, cov cheeb tsam siv ntawm photovoltaic fais fab tiam
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic ntawm lub ru tsev:Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev kom hloov lub zog hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob rau kev siv hauv lub tsev. Daim ntawv thov no siv tau rau txhua hom tsev xws li tsev nyob, tsev lag luam, cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis tsuas yog txo cov nqi hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis kuj pab txo kev vam khom rau cov chaw siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj thiab ua kom txuag tau hluav taws xob ntsuab.
Cov chaw rau pej xeem thiab cov haujlwm hauv nroog:Siv dav hauv cov tsev pej xeem, teeb pom kev ntawm txoj kev, teeb liab thiab lwm yam chaw pej xeem thiab cov haujlwm hauv nroog los muab kev pabcuam fais fab rau cov haujlwm no. Hauv qee thaj chaw, tsoomfwv kuj tau tshaj tawm ntau txoj cai txhawb nqa kom txhawb nqa kev siv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm PV fais fab hauv pej xeem.
Kev Tsim Fais Fab Faib Tawm:Kev tsim hluav taws xob PV faib tawm yog lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob PV uas tsis muaj chaw nyob rau sab ntawm tus neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov muab hluav taws xob, hloov hluav taws xob DC mus rau AC los ntawm cov inverters, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas rau lub zog hauv zos kom ua tiav kev txaus siab rau tus kheej lossis kev muab hluav taws xob txuas nrog grid. Hom kev tsim hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem txuas lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob PV rau lub zej zog, thaj chaw lag luam, thiab lwm yam, kom muab kev muab hluav taws xob yooj ywm dua, thiab txo qhov poob ntawm cov txheej txheem xa hluav taws xob.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic hauv nruab nrab:Lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic centralized tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau lub hnub ci zog grid, lub grid unified power supply configuration, yog hom pauv ib txoj kev. Lub chaw hluav taws xob photovoltaic loj thiab nruab nrab uas txuas nrog grid feem ntau yog muaj peev xwm loj, qib voltage siab, lub zog tsim tawm yuav raug xa ncaj qha mus rau lub grid, los ntawm lub grid unified xa hluav taws xob rau tus neeg siv. Vim lawv qhov loj, lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw dav dav, xws li suab puam thiab hav zoov. Txawm hais tias kev tsim kho xav tau ntau yam peev txheej thiab av, qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo thiab kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog.
Plaub, kev loj hlob yav tom ntej ntawm kev siv tshuab fais fab photovoltaic
Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tawg ua tej daim me me hauv cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic:Nrog rau kev nce qib tas mus li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic tshiab xws li cov ntaub ntawv chalcogenide, cov ntaub ntawv organic - inorganic hybrid txuas ntxiv tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj kev hloov pauv photoelectric siab dua thiab tus nqi qis dua, thiab xav tias yuav dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb uas tsav tsheb kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis photovoltaic.
Kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov qauv thiab tsim ntawm PV cell:Cov kws tshawb nrhiav yuav txhim kho qhov kev hloov pauv zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov hlwb PV los ntawm kev kawm tob tob thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb, cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis siab heev xws li kev tsim qauv nano thiab cov qauv ntes lub teeb tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlwb PV hauv kev nqus thiab siv lub hnub ci.
Kev koom ua ke ntawm lub kaw lus photovoltaic thiab kev txhim kho ntse:Yav tom ntej, kev koom ua ke ntawm cov photovoltaic cells nrog lwm lub zog systems (piv txwv li, cua zog, lub zog cia, thiab lwm yam) kom ua tiav kev siv zog zoo thiab kev sib koom ua ke yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev pab los ntawm Internet ntawm Yam, kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis ntse, kev saib xyuas tiag tiag thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub PV system yuav raug lees paub los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub system.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis PV thiab cov tsev:Cov tsev yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev tsim cov photovoltaic sib xyaw ua ke (BIPV) yuav dhau los ua ib qho kev coj ua tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov hlwb photovoltaic rau hauv phab ntsa sab nraud thiab ru tsev ntawm cov tsev, nws tsis tsuas yog muab lub zog huv rau cov tsev, tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev ua haujlwm txuag hluav taws xob ntawm cov tsev, paub txog kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo meej ntawm cov tsev thiab lub zog.
Kev txhawb nqa thiab kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb:Kev txhawb nqa thiab kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb ntawm PV thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej. Kev txhawb nqa kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev sib qhia cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb thiab kev paub txog kev siv tshuab tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob sai thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm PV thev naus laus zis. Tib lub sijhawm, tsoomfwv kuj yuav tsum txhawb nqa kev lag luam PV thiab tsim cov cai thiab cov cai tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig thiab tej yam kev mob zoo rau kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv PV thev naus laus zis.
Xaus lus, thev naus laus zis tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, nrog nws cov huv, rov ua dua tshiab, tsis muaj kuab paug thiab lwm yam zoo tseem ceeb, tau qhia txog lub peev xwm zoo rau kev txhim kho hauv kev lag luam zog. Nrog rau kev nce qib tas mus li thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm thev naus laus zis, thev naus laus zis tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb dua hauv cov qauv zog yav tom ntej thiab ua rau muaj kev pab txhawb zoo rau kev txhim kho lub zog thoob ntiaj teb.
