Mumamiriro ekuchinja kwesimba pasi rose, kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nezuva, se tekinoroji yesimba rakachena uye rinogona kudzokororwa, kuri kuva simba rakakosha zvishoma nezvishoma mumunda wesimba. Mupepa rino, tichakurukura zvakadzama misimboti, zvikamu zvesisitimu, nzvimbo dzekushandisa uye mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira simba rezuva nezuva mune ramangwana.
Chekutanga, musimboti wekugadzira simba re photovoltaic
Kugadzirwa kwesimba re photovoltaic kunobva pamhedzisiro ye photovoltaic, ndiko kuti, kana chiedza chezuva chichivhenekera zvinhu zve semiconductor, ma photon anosangana nema electron ari muzvinhu, kuitira kuti ma electron awane simba rakakwana rekubuda, zvichigadzira photovoltaic current. Chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwesimba re photovoltaic i sero re photovoltaic, iro rinowanzo kuve nezvikamu zviviri zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zve semiconductor, zvakaita se p-type semiconductors (ine maburi akawanda) uye n-type semiconductors (ine ma electron akawanda akasununguka). Pasi pechiedza, ma photon anonyudzwa uye ma electron-hole pairs anoburitswa. Nekuda kwesimba remagetsi mu semiconductor, ma electron nemaburi anoparadzaniswa kumativi maviri e pn junction, zvichikonzera mutsauko unogona kuitika uye magetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti simba rezuva rishandurwe zvakananga kuita magetsi. Kuti masero e photovoltaic abudirire pakugadzira magetsi, kazhinji kacho panoshandiswa poly-crystalline silicon, mono-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira masero e photovoltaic, pamwe nekushandisa tekinoroji yekubatanidza masimbi akawanda, tekinoroji yekuvandudza optical, nezvimwe zviyero zvekuvandudza kushanda kwechiedza uye kuunganidzwa kwemaerekitironi.
Chechipiri, kuumbwa kwesimba rekugadzira simba re photovoltaic
Panera rezuva:Sechikamu chikuru chesimba rezuva rinoita magetsi anobuda zvakananga, anoumbwa nemasero akawanda ezuva, sero rega rega rezuva rinogadzirwa nesilicon, phosphorus, boron nezvimwe zvinhu zve semiconductor. Kana chiedza chezuva chikapenya pa solar panel, chinogona kushandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi anobuda zvakananga. Ruvara rwaro runowanzova bhuruu kana dema.
Inverter:Ane basa rekushandura simba reDC rinogadzirwa nema solar panels kuita simba re AC rinosvika padanho renyika rekuisa mu grid kana kuti rinoshandiswa zvakananga nemagetsi. Inverter inowanzo shongedzerwa nechiedza chekudzora, kudzora simba, dziviriro yezvikanganiso uye mamwe mabasa ekuona kuti simba rinoshandurwa zvakanaka uye rakachengeteka.
Mutongi:Senzira huru yekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekugadzira magetsi hwePV, inogona kudzora nemazvo maitiro ekuchaja nekuburitsa simba remagetsi ezuva nemabhatiri, uye panguva imwe chete ichitarisa uye ichidzora mashandiro emuchina wemagetsi panguva chaiyo, kuitira kuti iwane kugoverwa kwakanaka uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba remagetsi.
Bhatiri:Inoshandiswa kuchengetedza magetsi anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva, uye inopa simba rinogara riripo uye rakagadzikana kune system kana ma solar panels asingakwanise kugadzira magetsi (semuenzaniso husiku, mazuva ane makore, nezvimwewo). Mhando dzemabhatiri dzakajairika dzinosanganisira mabhatiri e lead-acid, mabhatiri e nickel-cadmium, mabhatiri e lithium-ion, nezvimwewo.
Kurongedza:Sechisimbiso chema solar panels, inowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium alloy, simbi isingatsvi nezvimwe zvinhu, ine simba rekudzivirira mhepo, simba rekudzivirira kuvhunduka, simba rekudzivirira ngura nezvimwe zvinhu, kuitira kuti ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma. Nzvimbo yekumisikidza bracket inowanzo sarudzwa padenga, pamadziro, panzvimbo yekupaka mota, nezvimwewo zvechivako, icho chinofanira kuva nesimba rakanaka rekutakura mutoro uye kugadzikana.
Tambo:Muma PV systems, tambo dzinoshandiswa kutumira magetsi, kutumira masaini uye kubatanidza michina yekutarisa iri kure. Tambo dzinowanzo gadzirwa nemhangura kana aruminiyamu, dzine conductivity yakanaka uye dzinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, uye dzinoda kuiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti magetsi akachengeteka uye akavimbika.
Chechitatu, nzvimbo dzekushandisa simba re photovoltaic
Sisitimu yekugadzira simba remagetsi rinoshandisa photovoltaic padenga:Mapaneru ezuva anoiswa padenga rechivako kuti ashandure simba rezuva kuita magetsi ekushandisa muchivako. Izvi zvinoshanda kumarudzi ese ezvivakwa zvakaita sedzimba dzekugara, dzemabhizinesi, mafekitori emaindasitiri, nezvimwewo. Hazvingoderedzi chete mari yesimba, asiwo zvinobatsira kuderedza kuvimba nesimba rechinyakare uye kuchengetedza simba rakachena.
Zvivako zveveruzhinji nemapurojekiti emakanzuru:Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvivakwa zveveruzhinji, mwenje yemigwagwa, zviratidzo zvemigwagwa nezvimwe zvivakwa zveveruzhinji uye mapurojekiti emakanzuru kupa magetsi akavimbika kumapurojekiti aya. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, hurumende yakaunzawo nhevedzano yemitemo yekukurudzira kuti iwedzere kusimudzira kushandiswa nekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ePV mubazi reveruzhinji.
Kugadzira Simba Rinoparadzirwa:Kugadzira magetsi ePV akaparadzirwa inzira yekugadzira magetsi yePV inogoverwa kune mumwe mushandisi wemagetsi, ichishandura magetsi eDC kuita AC kuburikidza nema inverters, uye yozobatanidza kune system yemagetsi yemunharaunda kuti ikwanise kuzviriritira kana kuti inobatanidza magetsi negrid. Rudzi urwu rwekugadzira magetsi runogona kubatanidza chiteshi chemagetsi chePV nenharaunda, nzvimbo yemaindasitiri, nezvimwewo, kuti ipe simba rinochinjika zviri nyore, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemaitiro ekutumira simba.
Kugadzira simba remagetsi rinoshandisa photovoltaic pakati penyika:Sisitimu yekugadzira magetsi ye photovoltaic inogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga negrid yesimba rezuva, grid united power supply configuration, ndeyemhando yekuchinjana kwenzira imwe chete. Nzvimbo yemagetsi ye photovoltaic yakakura nepakati ine grid inonyanya kuratidzwa nekukwanisa kukuru, grid voltage level yakakwira, simba rinogadzirwa richaendeswa zvakananga kugrid, ne grid united deployment yemagetsi kumushandisi. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, inowanzo fanirwa kuvakwa munzvimbo dzakashama, dzakadai semarenje nemarenje. Kunyangwe kuvaka kwacho kuchida mari yakawanda uye zviwanikwa zvevhu, mukana wehukuru hwayo unoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana simba rekugadzira magetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.
Chechina, mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira simba remagetsi e photovoltaic mune ramangwana
Kuvandudzwa uye budiriro muzvinhu zve photovoltaic:Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita sainzi yezvinhu, zvinhu zvitsva zve photovoltaic zvakaita sechalcogenide, zvinhu zve organic - inorganic hybrid zviri kuramba zvichibuda. Zvinhu izvi zvine simba guru rekushandura photoelectric uye mutengo wakaderera, uye zvinotarisirwa kuva simba guru rinosimudzira kukura kwetekinoroji ye photovoltaic.
Kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa chimiro nekugadzirwa kwemasero ePV:Vatsvagurudzi vachawedzera kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemasero ePV kuburikidza nekudzidza zvakadzama nekugadzirisa chimiro chemasero, chimiro chepamusoro uye hunhu hwemaziso. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro senge dhizaini ye nano-structural uye zvimiro zvekubata chiedza zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemasero ePV mukupinza nekushandisa chiedza chezuva.
Kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwe photovoltaic uye kukura kwakangwara:Mune ramangwana, kubatanidzwa kwemasero emagetsi ezuva nezuva nemamwe masisitimu esimba (semuenzaniso, simba remhepo, kuchengetwa kwesimba, nezvimwewo) kuti simba rishandiswe zvakanaka uye rienderane zvichave tsika inokosha. Panguva imwe chete, nerubatsiro rweInternet of Things, big data analysis nedzimwe tekinoroji dzakangwara, kutarisa nekugadzirisa kwePV system munguva chaiyo kuchaitwa kuti kuwedzere kushanda zvakanaka uye kuvimbika kwesystem.
Kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kwetekinoroji yePV nezvivakwa:Zvivako ndeimwe yenzvimbo huru dzekushandisa simba, uye kuvaka ma photovoltaic akabatanidzwa (BIPV) kuchava nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza mune ramangwana. Nekubatanidza ma photovoltaic cells mumadziro ekunze nematenga ezvivakwa, hazvingogone kupa simba rakachena kuzvivakwa chete, asiwo zvinobudirira kuvandudza chitarisiko uye mashandiro ekuchengetedza simba ezvivakwa, zvichiita kuti zvivakwa zvibatanidzwe zvakakwana nesimba.
Kukurudzira nekushandira pamwe pasi rose:Kusimudzirwa kwepasi rose uye kushandira pamwe chete kwetekinoroji yePV kwakakosha mukukura kwayo mune ramangwana. Kusimbisa kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese uye kugovana mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi kunogona kukurumidzisa kukura nekukurumidza uye kufarirwa kwakapararira kwetekinoroji yePV. Panguva imwe chete, hurumende dzinofanirawo kuwedzera rutsigiro rwadzo kuindasitiri yePV uye kugadzira mitemo nemirau zvine musoro kuti dzigadzire nharaunda nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yePV.
Mukupedzisa, tekinoroji yekugadzira simba remagetsi ezuva nezuva, ine zvayakanakira zvakachena, zvinogona kudzokororwa, zvisina kusvibiswa nezvimwe zvakakosha, yakaratidza mukana mukuru wekukura mune zvesimba. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, tekinoroji yekugadzira simba rezuva nezuva ichave nechinzvimbo chakakosha muchimiro chesimba remangwana uye ichapa mupiro wakanaka mukuvandudzwa kwesimba rinogara kwenguva refu pasi rose.
