Emongweni wokuguquka kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, njengobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo, kancane kancane kuba amandla abalulekile emkhakheni wamandla. Kuleli phepha, sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngezimiso, izingxenye zesistimu, izindawo zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhuba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
Okokuqala, isimiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kusekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic, okungukuthi, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanyisa izinto ze-semiconductor, ama-photon asebenzisana nama-electron akule nto, ukuze ama-electron athole amandla anele okuphuma, akhe ugesi we-photovoltaic. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic yiseli le-photovoltaic, elivame ukuba nezingqimba ezimbili zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ze-semiconductor, njenge-p-type semiconductors (enezimbobo eziningi) kanye ne-n-type semiconductors (enezimbobo eziningi zamahhala). Ngaphansi kokukhanya, ama-photon ayamuncwa bese kukhishwa ama-electron-hole pair. Ngenxa yensimu kagesi ku-semiconductor, ama-electron kanye nezimbobo kuhlukaniswe ezinhlangothini ezimbili ze-pn junction, okuholela ekwehlukeni okungenzeka kanye nogesi, okwenza ukuguqulwa okuqondile kwamandla elanga abe ugesi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamaseli e-photovoltaic, kuvame ukusetshenziswa i-poly-crystalline silicon, i-mono-crystalline silicon, i-amorphous silicon nezinye izinto ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamaseli e-photovoltaic, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubopha obunezigaba eziningi, ubuchwepheshe bokucebisa nge-optical, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kokukhanya kanye nokuqoqwa kwama-electron.
Okwesibili, ukwakheka kohlelo lokuphehla amandla lwe-photovoltaic
Iphaneli yelanga:Njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla elanga abe ugesi wamanje oqondile, owakhiwe ngamaseli amaningi elanga, iseli ngalinye lelanga lenziwe nge-silicon, i-phosphorus, i-boron nezinye izinto ze-semiconductor. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kuphaneli yelanga, lingaguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi wamanje oqondile. Umbala walo uvame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama.
I-Inverter:Unesibopho sokuguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga abe amandla e-AC ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokufaka kugridi noma ukusetshenziswa ngqo yimithwalo kagesi. I-inverter ivame ukuhlonyiswa ngokulawula ukukhanya, ukulawula amandla, ukuvikela amaphutha kanye neminye imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Isilawuli:Njengomgogodla wokuphatha uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kukagesi lwe-PV, lungalawula ngokunembile inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha amaphaneli elanga namabhethri, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo luqaphe futhi lulawule isimo sokusebenza kwe-inverter ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze kufezwe ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kagesi.
Iphakethe lebhethri:Isetshenziselwa ukugcina ugesi okhiqizwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga, futhi inikeze ugesi oqhubekayo nozinzile ohlelweni lapho amaphaneli elanga engakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi (isb. ebusuku, izinsuku ezinamafu, njll.). Izinhlobo zamabhethri ezivamile zifaka phakathi amabhethri e-lead-acid, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, njll.
Ukubeka izimpahla:Njengesakhiwo sokusekela amaphaneli elanga, ngokuvamile senziwe nge-aluminium alloy, insimbi engagqwali nezinye izinto, ezinokumelana nomoya, ukumelana nokushaqeka, ukumelana nokugqwala nezinye izici, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinzima. Indawo yokufaka i-bracket ivame ukukhethwa ophahleni, odongeni, endaweni yokupaka, njll. yesakhiwo, okudingeka sibe namandla amahle okuthwala umthwalo kanye nokuqina.
Amakhebula:Ezinhlelweni ze-PV, izintambo zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla, ukudlulisa isignali kanye nokuxhuma imishini yokuqapha ekude. Izintambo zivame ukwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-aluminium, zinamandla okuqhuba kahle kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi zidinga ukufakwa ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko zikagesi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kukagesi.
Okwesithathu, izindawo zokusetshenziswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic
Uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi olusebenzisa i-photovoltaic ophahleni:Amaphaneli elanga afakwa ophahleni lwesakhiwo ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi ukuze asetshenziswe esakhiweni. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala, zezentengiselwano, izitshalo zezimboni, njll. Akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zamandla, kodwa futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla yendabuko kanye nokonga amandla aluhlaza.
Izakhiwo zomphakathi kanye namaphrojekthi kamasipala:Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni zomphakathi, ekukhanyiseni imigwaqo, ezimpawini zezimoto nakwezinye izikhungo zomphakathi kanye namaphrojekthi kamasipala ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngogesi othembekile kula maphrojekthi. Kwezinye izifunda, uhulumeni wethule nochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kukagesi we-PV emkhakheni kahulumeni.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamandla Okusatshalaliswa:Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV okusabalalisiwe uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV oluhlukaniswe ngokohlangothi lomsebenzisi lokuhlinzekwa kukagesi, luguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC ngama-inverter, bese luxhuma ohlelweni lwamandla lwendawo ukuze kufezwe ukuzimela noma ukunikezwa kwamandla okuxhunywe kugridi. Lolu hlobo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla lungaxhuma isiteshi sikagesi se-PV emphakathini, endaweni yezimboni, njll., ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo, futhi kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwenqubo yokudlulisela amandla.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic okuphakathi:Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic oluhlanganisiwe lungaxhunywa ngqo kugridi yamandla elanga, ukucushwa kokunikezwa kwamandla e-grid ehlanganisiwe, kungokwendlela eyodwa yokushintshana. Isiteshi samandla se-photovoltaic esixhunywe kugridi enkulu nephakathi sibonakala kakhulu ngomthamo omkhulu, izinga eliphezulu le-voltage yegridi, amandla akhiqizwayo azodluliselwa ngqo kugridi, ngokufakwa kokunikezwa kwamandla egridi ehlanganisiwe kumsebenzisi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ngokuvamile adinga ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ezibanzi, njengezingwadule kanye nezindawo ezihlala ogwadule. Nakuba ukwakhiwa kudinga inani elikhulu lemali kanye nezinsiza zomhlaba, inzuzo yesikali yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Okwesine, umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi nge-photovoltaic
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-photovoltaic:Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yesayensi yezinto zokwakha, izinto ezintsha ze-photovoltaic ezifana nezinto ze-chalcogenide, izinto ze-organic - inorganic hybrid ziyaqhubeka nokuvela. Lezi zinto zinokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zibe amandla ayisihluthulelo aqhuba intuthuko eyengeziwe yobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesakhiwo kanye nomklamo wamaseli e-PV:Abacwaningi bazothuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kanye nokuzinza kwamaseli e-PV ngokutadisha okujulile nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo samaseli, ukuma kwendawo kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokwakheka kwesakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zokubamba ukukhanya kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli e-PV ekumunceni nasekusebenziseni ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ye-Photovoltaic kanye nentuthuko ehlakaniphile:Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaseli e-photovoltaic nezinye izinhlelo zamandla (isb., amandla omoya, isitoreji samandla, njll.) ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kanye nokuhambisana kuzoba umkhuba obalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngosizo lwe-Internet of Things, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, ukuqapha kanye nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lwe-PV ngesikhathi sangempela kuzokwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kohlelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe be-PV nezakhiwo:Izakhiwo zingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ukwakha i-photovoltaic ehlanganisiwe (BIPV) kuzoba yisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuhlanganisa amaseli e-photovoltaic ezindongeni zangaphandle nasemaphahleni ezakhiwo, ngeke nje kuhlinzeke ngamandla ahlanzekile ezakhiweni, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukubukeka nokusebenza okonga amandla kwezakhiwo, kufezekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwezakhiwo namandla.
Ukukhuthazwa nokubambisana komhlaba wonke:Ukukhuthazwa nokubambisana komhlaba wonke kobuchwepheshe be-PV kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nokwabelana ngemiphumela yocwaningo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kobuchwepheshe kungasheshisa intuthuko esheshayo kanye nokuthandwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe be-PV. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ohulumeni kufanele bandise nokusekela kwabo imboni ye-PV futhi bakhe izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo efanele ukudala indawo nezimo ezinhle zokukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PV.
Ekuphetheni, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, obunezinzuzo zabo ezihlanzekile, ezivuselelekayo, ezingenakho ukungcola kanye nezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile, bubonise amandla amakhulu entuthuko emkhakheni wamandla. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic buzoba nesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni samandla esizayo futhi bube negalelo elihle ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla okusimeme emhlabeni jikelele.
