Kwimeko yotshintsho lwamandla kwihlabathi liphela, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, njengetekhnoloji yamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo, kancinci kancinci kuya kuba ngamandla abalulekileyo kwicandelo lamandla. Kweli phepha, siza kuxoxa nzulu ngemigaqo, izinto zenkqubo, iindawo zokusetyenziswa kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwetekhnoloji yokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
Okokuqala, umgaqo wokuveliswa kwamandla nge-photovoltaic
Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kusekelwe kwisiphumo se-photovoltaic, oko kukuthi, xa ilanga likhanyisa izinto ze-semiconductor, ii-photon zidibana nee-electron ezikwizinto, ukuze ii-electron zifumane amandla aneleyo okuphuma, zenze umsinga we-photovoltaic. Icandelo eliphambili lokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic yiseli ye-photovoltaic, edla ngokuba neeleya ezimbini zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ze-semiconductor, ezifana nee-semiconductors ze-p-type (ezinemingxuma emininzi) kunye nee-semiconductors ze-n-type (ezinee-electron ezininzi ezikhululekileyo). Phantsi kokukhanya, ii-photon ziyafunxwa kwaye ii-electron-hole pairs ziyakhululwa. Ngenxa yentsimi yombane kwi-semiconductor, ii-electron kunye nemingxuma zahlulwe kumacala amabini e-pn junction, nto leyo ebangela umahluko onokubakho kunye nomsinga wombane, obangela ukuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla elanga abe ngumbane. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla kweeseli ze-photovoltaic, kusetyenziswa rhoqo i-poly-crystalline silicon, i-mono-crystalline silicon, i-amorphous silicon kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kweeseli ze-photovoltaic, kodwa kukwasetyenziswa netekhnoloji yokubopha enezigaba ezininzi, itekhnoloji yokuphucula ukukhanya, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxwa kokukhanya kunye nokuqokelelwa kwee-electron.
Okwesibini, ukwakheka kwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane nge-photovoltaic
Iphaneli yelanga:Njengenxalenye ephambili yamandla elanga abe ngumbane othe ngqo, owenziwe ziiseli ezininzi zelanga, iseli nganye yelanga yenziwe ngesilicon, iphosphorus, iboron kunye nezinye izinto ze-semiconductor. Xa ilanga likhanya kwiphaneli yelanga, linokuguqula ilanga libe ngumbane othe ngqo. Umbala walo uhlala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye umnyama.
I-Inverter:Uxanduva lokuguqula amandla e-DC aveliswa ziiphaneli zelanga abe ngamandla e-AC ahlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe yokufaka kwigridi okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo yimithwalo yombane. I-inverter idla ngokuxhotyiswa ngolawulo lokukhanya, ulawulo lombane, ukhuseleko lweempazamo kunye neminye imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lokuguqulwa kombane.
Umlawuli:Njengesiseko sokulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane ye-PV, inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yokutshaja nokukhupha iiphaneli zelanga kunye neebhetri, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ijonge kwaye ilawule imeko yokusebenza kwe-inverter ngexesha langempela, ukuze ifezekise usasazo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane.
Iphakheji yebhetri:Isetyenziselwa ukugcina umbane oveliswa kukuveliswa kwamandla elanga, kwaye ibonelela ngombane oqhubekayo nozinzileyo kwinkqubo xa iiphaneli zelanga zingakwazi ukuvelisa umbane (umz. ebusuku, emini enamafu, njl.njl.). Iintlobo zebhetri eziqhelekileyo ziquka iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, njl.njl.
Ukurhangqa:Njengesakhiwo sokuxhasa iiphaneli zelanga, ngokuqhelekileyo senziwe nge-aluminium alloy, intsimbi engatyiwayo nezinye izinto, ezinokuxhathisa umoya, ukuxhathisa ukutsha, ukuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye nezinye iimpawu, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima. Indawo yokufaka ibracket idla ngokukhethwa eluphahleni, eludongeni, kwindawo yokupaka, njl.njl. yesakhiwo, ekufuneka sibe namandla okuthwala umthwalo kunye nozinzo oluhle.
Iintambo:Kwiinkqubo ze-PV, iintambo zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa umbane, ukudlulisa isignali kunye nokudibanisa izixhobo zokubeka esweni ezikude. Iintambo zihlala zenziwe ngobhedu okanye i-aluminium, zinomoya oqhuba kakuhle kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye kufuneka zifakwe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zombane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kombane.
Okwesithathu, iindawo zokusetyenziswa kokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane nge-photovoltaic eluphahleni:Iiphaneli zelanga zifakelwa eluphahleni lwesakhiwo ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane oza kusetyenziswa kwisakhiwo. Olu setyenziso lusebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, izityalo zoshishino, njl. Alunciphisi nje kuphela iindleko zamandla, kodwa lukwanceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamandla yendabuko kunye nokonga amandla aluhlaza.
Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke kunye neeprojekthi zikamasipala:Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, izibane zendlela, imiqondiso yendlela kunye nezinye izibonelelo zikawonke-wonke kunye neeprojekthi zikamasipala ukubonelela ngombane othembekileyo kwezi projekthi. Kwezinye iingingqi, urhulumente ukwazise uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lokuveliswa kombane we-PV kwicandelo likarhulumente.
Ukuveliswa koMbane oSasazwayo:Ukuveliswa kombane we-PV osasazwe yinkqubo yokuveliswa kombane we-PV esasazwa kwicala lomsebenzisi lobonelelo lombane, iguqula umbane we-DC ube ngumbane we-AC ngee-inverters, ize iqhagamshele kwinkqubo yombane yasekuhlaleni ukuze ifikelele ekuzinzeni okanye ekunikezelweni kombane okuqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Olu hlobo lokuveliswa kombane lunokudibanisa isikhululo sombane se-PV kuluntu, kwindawo yemizi-mveliso, njl.njl., ukubonelela ngobonelelo lwamandla oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi, kwaye lunciphise ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwenkqubo yokudlulisela umbane.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic aphakathi:Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic ephakathi inokuqhagamshelwa ngqo kwigridi yamandla elanga, ulungiselelo lombane oluhlanganisiweyo lwegridi, lolohlobo lokutshintshiselana ngendlela enye. Isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esikhulu nesiphakathi esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi ephakathi sibonakaliswa kakhulu ngumthamo omkhulu, inqanaba eliphezulu lombane wegridi, umbane oveliswayo uya kudluliselwa ngqo kwigridi, ngokuthunyelwa kombane kwigridi ehlanganisiweyo kumsebenzisi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, adla ngokufuna ukwakhiwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ezinjengeentlango kunye neentlango. Nangona ukwakhiwa kufuna imali eninzi kunye nezixhobo zomhlaba, inzuzo yesikali yenza kube nokwenzeka ukufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvelisa umbane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Okwesine, indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa umbane nge-photovoltaic
Ubuchule kunye nophuhliso kwizixhobo ze-photovoltaic:Ngokuqhubeka kwenzululwazi yezinto ezisetyenziswayo, izinto ezintsha ze-photovoltaic ezifana nezinto ze-chalcogenide, izinto ze-organic-inorganic hybrid ziyaqhubeka nokuvela. Ezi zinto zinokusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zibe ngamandla aphambili aqhuba uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic.
Ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwesakhiwo kunye noyilo lweseli ye-PV:Abaphandi baza kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kunye nokuzinza kweeseli ze-PV ngokufunda nzulu kunye nokwenza ngcono ulwakhiwo lweeseli, imo yomphezulu kunye neempawu zokukhanya. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana noyilo lwesakhiwo se-nano kunye nezakhiwo zokubamba ukukhanya kunokuphucula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli ze-PV ekufunxeni nasekusebenziseni ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic kunye nophuhliso olukrelekrele:Kwixesha elizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kweeseli ze-photovoltaic kunye nezinye iinkqubo zamandla (umz., amandla omoya, ukugcinwa kwamandla, njl.njl.) ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuhambelana kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ngoncedo lwe-Intanethi yezinto, uhlalutyo lwedatha enkulu kunye nezinye iiteknoloji ezikrelekrele, ukujonga ngexesha langempela kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo ye-PV kuya kufezekiswa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji ye-PV kunye nezakhiwo:Izakhiwo zezinye zezona ndawo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye ukwakha i-photovoltaic edibeneyo (BIPV) kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Ngokudibanisa iiseli ze-photovoltaic kwiindonga zangaphandle kunye nophahla lwezakhiwo, ayinakubonelela kuphela ngamandla acocekileyo kwizakhiwo, kodwa ikwaphucula ngokufanelekileyo inkangeleko kunye nokusebenza okonga amandla kwezakhiwo, ifezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okugqibeleleyo kwezakhiwo kunye namandla.
Ukukhuthazwa kwehlabathi kunye nentsebenziswano:Ukukhuthazwa kwehlabathi kunye nentsebenziswano yetekhnoloji ye-PV kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwayo lwexesha elizayo. Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokwabelana ngeziphumo zophando kunye namava obuchwephesha kunokukhawulezisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nokusasazwa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji ye-PV. Kwangaxeshanye, oorhulumente kufuneka bandise inkxaso yabo kushishino lwe-PV kwaye benze imigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo efanelekileyo yokudala imeko-bume efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokukhuthaza nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-PV.
Ukuqukumbela, iteknoloji yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezicocekileyo, ezihlaziyekayo, ezingenangcoliseko kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, ibonakalise amandla amakhulu ophuhliso kwicandelo lamandla. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nobuchule bobuchwephesha, iteknoloji yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic iya kuthatha indawo ebaluleke ngakumbi kwisakhiwo samandla sexesha elizayo kwaye ibe negalelo elihle kuphuhliso lwamandla oluzinzileyo lwehlabathi.
