Lub Xeev Tam Sim No ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab Photovoltaic Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Kev tsim kho lub zog rov ua dua tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev daws teeb meem kev hloov pauv zog thiab kev tawm tsam kev hloov pauv huab cua. Ntawm cov thev naus laus zis rov ua dua tshiab, kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic (PV) tau muaj kev loj hlob sai hauv xyoo tas los no, tshwm sim ua lub zog huv, qis carbon, thiab sib tw nqi hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Hauv xyoo 2020 ib leeg, lub ntiaj teb tau ntxiv 127 GW ntawm lub peev xwm PV tshiab, ua rau tag nrho cov peev xwm ntsia mus rau 707 GW.
Cov cell hnub ci crystalline silicon tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa.
Cov roj teeb PV, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hnub ci, raug faib ua pawg raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem ua hom xws li crystalline silicon, thin-film, perovskite, thiab organic cells. Cov roj teeb crystalline silicon, uas paub txog lawv cov kev hloov pauv siab, muaj cov khoom siv raw ntau, thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, tseem yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom loj.
Kev siv PERC (Passivated Emitter thiab Rear Cell) thev naus laus zis dav dav tau ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov cell crystalline silicon hauv xyoo tas los no. Tib lub sijhawm, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li cov cell perovskite tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb kub thoob ntiaj teb. Cov cell no tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv hauv chaw kuaj mob sib piv rau crystalline silicon, thiab thaum lawv txoj kev lag luam tab tom nce qib, cov teeb meem tseem nyob hauv kev nthuav dav thiab xyuas kom ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev.
Cov txheej txheem PV txhim kho thiab cov ntawv thov sib txawv.
Cov tshuab photovoltaic tab tom nce qib hauv kev ua kom raug thiab kev nthuav dav. Kev siv cov tshuab 1,500V tam sim no dhau tus qauv 1,000V qub, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub grid thaum txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob. Cov ntawv thov sib xyaw ua ke xws li "PV + kev ua liaj ua teb," "PV + aquaculture," thiab "PV + architecture" tab tom nthuav dav. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab xws li microgrids thiab smart grids tab tom sib xyaw ua ke lub zog PV nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj.
Cov Qauv Hauv Kev Siv Tshuab Photovoltaic Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb tab tom ua kom muaj kev tsim kho tshiab thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau PV ua ib qho kev txav mus los zoo los txhawb cov lag luam tshiab. Cov kev siv zog tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv, kev tsim khoom, thiab cov kev siv tshuab kom txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho kev sib tw.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm PV tab tom hloov zuj zus mus rau qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab cov nqi qis dua.
Cov roj teeb crystalline silicon, nrog rau lub ecosystem kev lag luam uas tau tsim tsa zoo, yuav txuas ntxiv tswj hwm kev tsim khoom. Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv siab dua, txo cov khoom siv thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Cov thev naus laus zis xws li perovskite thiab tandem solar cells sawv cev rau ciam teb tom ntej, nrog rau kev nqis peev ntau uas tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ruaj khov. Thaum cov teeb meem loj ntawm kev siv thiab kev ntseeg tau raug daws, cov roj teeb perovskite yuav tsum txhais dua qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam PV.
Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov rau PV thev naus laus zis.
Cov teb chaws tab tom hloov kho cov ntawv thov PV rau lawv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, txhawb nqa kev txhim kho xws li Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), cov chaw ua liaj ua teb hnub ci ntab, PV-integrated agriculture, thiab cov chaw nres tsheb hnub ci. Kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam hais txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov thev naus laus zis tswj kev sib xyaw, thiab kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Kev Txhim Kho Tshuab Photovoltaic hauv Suav Teb
Thaum lub sijhawm Tsib Xyoos Thib 13, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev siv tshuab photovoltaic tau nce qib ntau heev, vim yog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam sai. Cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li PV cells thiab modules tau ua tiav cov peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thaum cov khoom siv tsim khoom tau nce qib mus rau qhov chaw tag nrho. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntse rau hauv cov kab ke PV tau ua kom zoo dua qub.
Cov thev naus laus zis PV cell thiab module thoob ntiaj teb.
Thaum kawg ntawm Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoo Thib 13, Tuam Tshoj tau hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb polycrystalline txhuas-rov qab mus rau cov hlwb monocrystalline PERC siab heev. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb crystalline silicon tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 18.5% thaum pib ntawm lub sijhawm mus rau 22.8%, uas qhia txog kev dhia mus rau pem hauv ntej hauv kev siv tshuab tsim khoom.
Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), HJT (Heterojunction), thiab IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact) tau muaj kev lag luam ntau zuj zus, nrog rau cov tuam txhab Suav tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Ib yam li ntawd, kev nce qib hauv cov thev naus laus zis perovskite tau tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb Suav los sib tw nrog cov thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj, nrog rau kev nce qib mus rau kev lag luam.
Cov khoom siv tsim khoom hauv zos thiab siab heev.
Cov khoom siv tsim khoom PV hauv Suav teb tau hloov pauv ntawm qhov qis mus rau qhov siab. Kev hloov kho kom haum, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev siv digital hloov pauv lub sector mus rau hauv lub zog tsim khoom ntse. Cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li polysilicon wafers, cells, thiab modules tam sim no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv tsev.
Cov tshuab PV ntse dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, suav nrog cov txheej txheem taug qab thiab 1,500V tsim, tab tom ua rau lub zog tso zis ntawm cov kab ke PV nce ntxiv. Cov neeg hlau ntse, drones, kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab cov thev naus laus zis sib txuas lus siab heev tau siv dav rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas lub kaw lus, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntxiv.
Cov qauv hauv Suav teb txoj kev siv tshuab photovoltaic
Ua lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam PV loj tshaj plaws, Tuam Tshoj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis hnub ci tshiab. Txij no mus, lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj yog ua tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam PV.
Kev ua haujlwm zoo dua rau cov PV cell.
Cov hlwb crystalline silicon yuav tseem muaj zog, nrog rau PERC thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus. N-hom crystalline silicon cells, siv TOPCon lossis HJT thev naus laus zis, tau npaj los ua qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb tom ntej thaum lawv qhov kev sib npaug ntawm kev siv nyiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov hlwb ua haujlwm tau zoo xws li perovskite thiab tandem cells yuav tsav tsheb ntxiv kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum kev lag luam nce qib.
Cov modules txhim kho nrog ob qho tseem ceeb: kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Cov thev naus laus zis xws li ib nrab-cell, shingled, thiab multi-busbar modules yuav pom kev siv dav dua. Bifacial modules, muab kev tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua, xav tias yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encapsulation tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem uas txhim kho kev ruaj khov.
Cov tshuab PV ntse dua, muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
Cov inverters yuav hloov zuj zus mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm fais fab siab dua, kev ua haujlwm ntse, thiab kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev khaws cia hluav taws xob. Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv BIPV thiab lwm yam kev siv tshiab yuav qhib cov cib fim ntxiv rau kev txhim kho PV, ua kom nws muaj peev xwm ntau tshaj plaws thoob plaws ntau yam xwm txheej.
